寒区含水裂隙岩体夏融冬冻导致水冰相变产生冻胀力，而相变循环累积的冻融效应是寒区岩体劣化和破坏的主要原因。由于反复冻融而引起其强度损伤劣化、变形的不断增大，将直接影响岩体工程的设计与施工，以及投入使用后的正常运营。随着寒区基础设施建设迅猛发展，铁路、公路路基两侧岩质滑坡灾害频发。本文基于数值流形方法（NMM），采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的手段，对冻融循环作用下的裂隙岩体开展研究，深入研究了单向冻融单裂隙岩体的冻胀损伤劣化特性；借助线弹性断裂力学理论，分析了裂纹在冻胀力和单轴压缩条件下的受力和变形特性；阐明了冻融循环作用下岩质边坡的损伤破坏特性及破坏机理，并提出防治措施。主要内容如下：

综合考虑水分迁移和水冰相变特性，提出了冻融循环累积作用下的冻胀力模型和求解公式，可预测冻融循环作用下裂隙冻胀力，主要考虑冻融循环次数、水分迁移通量、岩石和冰的力学特性及裂隙尺寸等因素影响。为利用NMM模拟冻融循环作用下的裂隙岩体裂纹扩展分析提供了理论基础。

（2）基于线弹性断裂理论，重点研究了裂纹尖端应力和位移演化特征。并对NMM模拟裂纹扩展的算法进行了更新。依据裂纹的受力变形特征，将内部冻胀模型简化为法向应变张力模型，推导出冻融循环作用下裂隙岩石应力强度因子的计算公式。嵌入NMM中，对裂隙岩石冻融循环后的裂纹扩展和单轴压缩条件下裂隙岩石变形破坏过程进行了数值模拟，利用室内试验结果验证了所提出的冻胀模型的正确性，明确了NMM模拟裂隙岩石冻融损伤破坏的可行性。

（3）采用NMM数值模拟的手段，开展工程尺度的冻融循环作用下裂隙岩体冻胀扩展研究。选取天山山地地区的京新高速（G7）巴里坤至木垒段公路典型裂隙岩质边坡为研究对象，表征概化三段式锁固边坡，建立冻融边坡仿真模型。通过数值方法模拟了90°锁固段岩质边坡在1、10、20、30次冻融循环作用下，坡体应力场及位移场的变化规律，揭示了锁固段角度对损伤开裂破坏的影响规律。随着冻融循环次数的增加，冻胀力导致上部后缘张拉裂隙尖端的拉应力集中区向下移动，锁固段的变形量和裂纹延伸长度逐渐增大。根据模拟情况分析其破坏机理并提出了对应的防治措施。研究结果可为寒区边坡工程建设提供技术参考。

In cold regions, the presence of water-filled fractures in rock masses leads to the generation of frost heave forces due to the phase transition between water and ice during summer thawing and winter freezing. The cumulative effects of these freeze-thaw cycles are the primary causes of rock mass deterioration and failure in such environments.The repeated freeze-thaw cycles cause continuous strength degradation and increased deformation in rock masses, directly impacting the design, construction, and subsequent normal operation of rock engineering projects. With the rapid development of infrastructure in cold regions, rock landslides along railway and highway embankments have become increasingly frequent.This study, based on the Numerical Manifold Method (NMM), combines theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to investigate the behavior of fractured rock masses under freeze-thaw cycles. It thoroughly examines the frost heave damage and degradation characteristics of rock masses with a single fracture subjected to unidirectional freeze-thaw cycles. Utilizing the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics, the study analyzes the stress and deformation characteristics of cracks under frost heave forces and uniaxial compression. Additionally, it elucidates the damage and failure characteristics and mechanisms of rock slopes under freeze-thaw cycles and proposes preventive measures.The main contents are as follows:

By comprehensively considering moisture migration and water-ice phase transformation characteristics, a frost heave force model and solution formula under cumulative freeze-thaw cycles have been proposed. This model can predict the frost heave force in fractures under freeze-thaw cycles, taking into account factors such as the number of freeze-thaw cycles, moisture migration flux, the mechanical properties of rock and ice, and fracture size. This provides a theoretical foundation for using NMM to simulate the crack propagation analysis of fractured rock masses under freeze-thaw cycles.

Based on the linear elastic fracture mechanics theory, this study focuses on the stress and displacement evolution characteristics at the crack tip. The algorithm for simulating crack propagation using the numerical manifold method (NMM) was updated accordingly. The internal frost heave model was simplified into a normal strain tension model based on the stress-deformation characteristics of the crack, leading to the derivation of the stress intensity factor calculation formula for fractured rock under freeze-thaw cycles. This model was embedded into NMM to numerically simulate the crack propagation and deformation failure processes of fractured rock after freeze-thaw cycles under uniaxial compression. The proposed frost heave model's correctness was verified using laboratory test results, confirming the feasibility of using NMM to simulate the freeze-thaw damage and failure of fractured rock.

Using the numerical manifold method (NMM), this study investigates the frost heave expansion in fractured rock masses under freeze-thaw cycles at an engineering scale. The selected study area is a typical fractured rock slope along the Barkol to Mulei section of the Jingxin Expressway (G7) in the Tianshan Mountains. The slope is conceptualized as a three-section locked slope for the simulation model. The numerical simulation examined the stress field and displacement field changes in a 90° locked-section rock slope under 1, 10, 20, and 30 freeze-thaw cycles, revealing the impact of the locked-section angle on damage and cracking patterns.As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased, the frost heave forces caused the tensile stress concentration zone at the tip of the upper rear edge cracks to move downward. This resulted in increased deformation and crack extension length in the locked section. The study analyzes the failure mechanisms based on the simulation results and proposes corresponding mitigation measures. The findings provide valuable technical references for slope engineering in cold regions.

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