随着社会的发展，人们越来越多的开发地下空间。西安属于黄土地区，开展西安地区的地下洞室开挖和地下隧洞建设对地层和建筑物（构筑物）的影响研究，不仅对西安地铁的建设具有指导意义，对于西部地区的基础设施建设都有重要的研究价值。本文以西安某地铁隧道施工为例，主要进行了以下工作： （1）从理论出发，分析了浅埋暗挖隧道施工方法、地表变形规律、地层变形和桩基承载力的影响因素以及地层变形对桩基的影响，找出浅埋暗挖隧道施工对邻近桥梁桩基的影响规律,同时探讨了控制变形的措施。 （2）运用MIDAS/GTS模拟软件，结合实际工程模拟分析了西安某地铁隧道CRD法施工在有无管棚辅助支护作用下对邻近桥梁桩基的影响，得出了地层和桥梁桩基的变形规律,通过分析得出无管棚支护条件下不能满足桥梁的变形要求,必须进行有效的加固。 （3）通过现场监测资料和模拟对比，验证了模拟软件的可靠性，得出施加管棚后地层和桥桩的位移能够满足规范要求，并结合实际，给出支护方案，最后对施工过程进行风险评估和评价。 通过本文的论述,可以在以后的工程实践中运用此方法寻找更多的施工方法和更优的支护措施,对以后的工程实践有重大的实际意义。

With the development of society, more and more people develop underground space. Xi 'an belongs to the loess area, xi 'an area of underground cavern excavation and underground tunnel construction to study the influence of formation and buildings (structures), not only has a guiding significance on construction of subway in xian, for infrastructure construction in the western region has important research value. Taking the construction of a subway tunnel in xi 'an as an example, this paper mainly carried out the following work: (1) From the theory, the influence factors of the construction method of shallow buried tunnel, the law of surface deformation, the deformation of the stratum and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation and the influence of the formation deformation on the pile foundation are analyzed, and the influence law of the construction of the shallow buried tunnel on the pile foundation of the adjacent bridge is found out, and the measures for controlling the deformation are also discussed. (2) Using the MIDAS/GTS simulation software and combining with the actual engineering simulation, the influence of the construction of a subway tunnel in Xi'an on the pile foundation of the adjacent bridge under the auxiliary support of the non pipe shed is analyzed. The deformation law of the stratum and the bridge pile foundation is obtained. Through the analysis, it is concluded that the deformation requirements of the bridge can not be met under the condition of no pipe shed support. It must be strengthened effectively. (3) Through the field monitoring data and simulation comparison, the reliability of the simulation software is verified. It is concluded that the displacement of the stratum and the bridge pile after the application of pipe shed can meet the requirements of the standard, and the support scheme is given in combination with the practice. Finally, the risk assessment and evaluation of the construction process are carried out. Through the discussion of this article, this method can be used in future engineering practice to find more construction methods and better support measures, which is of great practical significance for the future engineering practice.