随着自动化消防水枪/炮的发展和广泛应用，对射流轨迹的准确预测提出了更高的要求。根据传统抛体理论建立的预测模型难以很好的处理初速度相同但流量不同的射流轨迹问题，此外，风是影响射流轨迹的重要因素之一，但相关预测模型研究较少，本文针对以上问题开展了相关研究。近些年高压多孔射流成为消防水枪/炮领域的热点，本论文也对这种射流方式开展了实验和理论研究。

首先，本文基于对水射流外部射流破碎和射流结构特性的分析讨论，提出了消防水射流外部射流流场呈水柱卷吸空气柱向前运动的流态特点，为后面快速计算模型的建立奠定了理论基础。之后考虑在无风和横向风的状态条件下，假设射流流场横截面轴向速度呈“礼帽分布”，通过建立水射流轨迹质量和动量守恒方程，分析推导最终确定了包括求解水柱速度和空气柱速度等共十二个变量对应十二个方程的快速计算模型。在此基础上推荐了适用的空气卷吸系数a₀和气液速度比β。由于建立完毕的射流运动计算方程很难直接求解出来，因此借助Excel软件中的VB语言环境对射流轨迹进行轨迹重现。

其次，通过水射流轨迹实验研究了负压吸入式消防水枪水射流的工作参数（出口压力、出口流量及射流仰角）对射流轨迹表征参数（射程、射高及最大射高点水平距离）的影响规律，发现无论是单孔喷嘴还是多孔喷嘴，射流出口等效直径越大，随着同等出口压力梯度的增大变化，射流轨迹表征参数的增量变化越大；随着同等射流仰角梯度的增大，45°之前轨迹表征参数的变化幅度小于45°之后的变化幅度；射流出口等效直径近乎相同的情况下，射流轨迹表征参数的差异度不超过5%，为快速预测模型适用范围的扩大提供了依据。同时将不同工况下的水射流轨迹表征参数和据此得到的水射流轨迹拟合曲线与快速预测模型得到的结果进行了比较，射流轨迹表征参数的误差在60°以下的射流仰角不超过10%，轨迹形态吻合良好。

最后，借助Fluent仿真环境，建立了基于DPM模型的三维水射流流场，对不同横向风速条件下的射流流场进行了仿真模拟，将模拟得到的结果与快速预测模型得到的结果进行比较剖析，两种预测结果较为吻合。

With the development and wide application of automated fire fighting water guns/guns, higher requirements are put forward for the accurate prediction of jet trajectory. The prediction model based on the traditional parabolic theory is difficult to deal with the problem of jet trajectory with the same initial velocity but different flow rates. In addition, the lateral wind is one of the important factors affecting the jet trajectory, but the relevant prediction model is less researched, and this paper conducts a relevant study for the above problems. In recent years, high-pressure multi-hole jet has become a hot spot in the field of fire fighting water guns/guns, and this thesis also carries out experimental and theoretical research on this type of jet.

First of all, based on the analysis and discussion of the external jet fragmentation and jet structure characteristics of the water jet, this paper proposes the external jet flow field of the fire water jet is a column of water curling air column forward movement of the flow characteristics, for the establishment of a rapid calculation model later laid the theoretical foundation. After considering the state conditions in the absence of wind and lateral wind, assuming that the cross-sectional axial velocity of the jet flow field is "saltire distribution", through the establishment of water jet trajectory mass and momentum conservation equations, analysis and derivation finally determined a total of twelve variables including the solution of the water column velocity and air column velocity corresponding to the twelve equations of the rapid calculation model. On this basis, the applicable air coefficient of suction a0 and air-liquid velocity ratio β. Since it is difficult to solve the calculated equations of jet motion directly after the establishment, the trajectory of the jet trajectory is reproduced with the help of the VB language environment in the Excel software.

Secondly, through the water jet trajectory experiments studied the DC orifice plate water jet working parameters (outlet pressure, outlet flow and jet elevation angle) on the jet trajectory characterization parameters (range, shot height and the maximum shot height point horizontal distance) of the influence law, found that whether single-hole nozzle or multi-hole nozzle, the larger the equivalent diameter of the jet outlet, with the same outlet pressure gradient increases the change, the greater the change in the jet trajectory characterization parameters; with the same jet elevation angle gradient, the change in the trajectory characterization parameters before 45° is smaller than the change after 45°; with the same equivalent diameter of the jet outlet gradient, the greater the change in the trajectory characterization parameters. The greater the incremental change of the parameters; with the increase of the same jet elevation gradient, the change of the parameters of the trajectory characterization before 45° is less than the change after 45°; the equivalent diameter of the jet outlet is nearly the same, the difference of the parameters of the jet trajectory characterization does not exceed 5%, which provides a basis for the expansion of the scope of application of the rapid prediction model. At the same time, the water jet trajectory characterization parameters under different working conditions and the water jet trajectory fitting curves obtained from them were compared with the results obtained from the fast prediction model, and the errors of the jet trajectory characterization parameters did not exceed 10% for the jet elevation angle below 60°, and the trajectory patterns were in good agreement.

Finally, with the Fluent simulation environment, a three-dimensional water jet flow field based on the DPM model was established, and the jet flow field under different lateral wind speed conditions was simulated, and the results obtained from the simulation were compared and analyzed with those obtained from the fast prediction model, and the two prediction results were in good agreement.

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