伴随中国城市化步伐加快，城市的人口密集度急剧上升，推动高层建筑的需求与数量不断增加。在高层建筑施工中，由于施工规模和难度较大，施工风险因素复杂和多元化，为高层建筑施工安全管理带来极大挑战。因此，本文将复杂网络模型和N-K模型相结合，互补复杂网络和N-K模型在风险分析方面的优点，对高层建筑施工风险因素中的关键性风险因子进行识别，探索其耦合效应研究，对预防高层建筑施工事故和提升施工安全管理水平具有重要现实意义。
首先，对我国2015年至2023年的102起高层建筑施工事故案例调查报告进行分析，根据扎根理论对事故案例原因进行三级编码。根据开放式编码共归纳总结出120个初始范畴，主轴式编码共归纳出16个主范畴，选择性编码共归纳出人、物、环、管4个核心范畴，根据扎根理论的编码结果，将主范畴称为高层建筑施工过程的风险因子，将核心范畴称为高层建筑施工过程的风险因素，从而得到16个风险因子及人、物、环、管4类风险因素。其次，根据复杂网络理论建立风险矩阵，构建高层建筑施工事故有向加权网络模型，该网络由16个风险因子节点和59条有向连边构成。对高层建筑施工风险耦合指标特征进行研究分析，通过风险因子标准化强度初步识别出关键性风险因子。然后，从风险耦合机理角度出发，依据高层建筑施工事故风险因素耦合形式，统计风险因素耦合类型发生频率，本文探讨阶段性风险耦合，研究对象类型主要包括双因素风险耦合和多因素风险耦合，计算高层建筑施工各类风险因素耦合形式的风险耦合度值T。根据风险耦合矩阵对复杂网络的16个节点进行事故潜在风险链分析，得到其潜在风险链耦合形式，将潜在风险链耦合形式的风险耦合值T与风险因子标准化强度结合进行修正，得到修正后标准化强度作为最终的关键性风险因子。最后，通过西安市高层建筑施工A项目对前文研究结果进行实例应用，验证前文所得的关键性风险因子具有合理性和准确性，依据解耦理论对高层建筑施工耦合前、耦合中、耦合后各阶段提出了风险管控优化建议。
结果表明：现场管理不到位（D3）、违反安全规章制度（A1）、安全防护措施不到位（B1）的修正后标准化入强度最高，现场管理不到位（D3）、制度完善落实不到位（D5）、安全教育培训不到位（D1）的修正后出强度最高，修正后标准化强度较高的节点为关键性节点。

With the acceleration of the pace of urbanization in China, the population density of cities has risen sharply, promoting the demand and quantity of high-rise buildings. In the construction of high-rise buildings, due to the large scale and difficulty of construction, the construction risk elements are complex and diversified, which brings great challenges to the construction safety management of high-rise buildings. Therefore, this paper combines complex network model and N-K model to complement the advantages of complex network and N-K model in risk analysis, identifies key risk factors in high-rise building construction risk elements, and explores their coupling effect research, which has important practical significance for preventing high-rise building construction accidents and improving construction safety management level.
Firstly, the investigation reports of 102 high-rise building construction accidents from 2015 to 2023 in China are analyzed, and the reasons of accident cases are coded at three levels according to grounded theory. A total of 120 initial categories are summarized according to open coding, 16 main categories are summarized by spindle coding, and 4 core categories are summarized by selective coding. According to the coding results of the rooted theory, the main category is called the risk factor of high-rise building construction process, and the core category is called the risk elements of high-rise building construction process. Thus, 16 risk factors and 4 risk elements of human, material, environment and management were obtained. Secondly, the risk matrix is established according to complex network theory, and the directional weighted network model of high-rise building construction accidents is constructed. The network consists of 16 risk factor nodes and 59 directed connected edges. The characteristics of the construction risk coupling index of high-rise building are studied and analyzed, and the key risk factors are initially identified through the standardized intensity of risk factors. Then, from the perspective
of risk coupling mechanism, according to the coupling form of risk element in high-rise building construction accidents, the occurrence frequency of risk element coupling types is calculated. This paper discusses the types of phased risk coupling research objects mainly include two- element risk coupling and multi- element risk coupling, and calculates the risk coupling degree value T of various risk element coupling forms in high-rise building construction. According to the risk coupling matrix, the accident potential risk chain of 16 nodes in the complex network is analyzed, and the coupling form of the potential risk chain is obtained. The coupling value T of the coupling form of the potential risk chain is combined with the standardized intensity of the risk factor, and the revised standardized intensity is taken as the final critical risk factor. Finally, through the project A of high-rise building construction in Xi 'an City, the above research results are applied to verify the rationality and accuracy of the key risk factors obtained above. Based on the decoupling theory, the risk management and control optimization suggestions are put forward for each stage of high-rise building construction before, during and after coupling.
The results show that: Those with inadequate site management (D3), violation of safety rules and regulations (A1), and inadequate safety protection measures (B1) had the highest intensity of standardization after correction; those with inadequate site management (D3), inadequate system improvement and implementation (D5), and inadequate safety education and training (D1) had the highest intensity of standardization after correction. Nodes with higher intensity of standardization after correction were critical nodes.