目前，微震监测在石油煤炭领域得到了高度重视。国内一些矿山相继安装了微震监测系统，主要用于冲击地压灾害的预警，微震监测系统主要安装在井下巷道中，对垂直方向的定位误差大，不能满足生产需求。因此，如何提高微震监测的垂直定位精度，是一个急需研究的问题。 本文在对现有微震监测系统调研分析的基础上，构建了三维层状介质模型，对微震事件定位进行理论分析，在正演算法中选择了射线追踪方法，并对射线追踪方法进行了优化，提高了正演算法的效率及精度；在经典Geiger定位算法基础上，提出了基于DIRECT算法的微震定位方法，减少了搜索次数，加快了计算效率，且精度较高。 为了满足煤矿孔中微震监测的要求，研制了适合于煤矿孔中自动推靠的孔中检波器，开发了配套的检波器安装技术；研制出可以同时在地面和井下使用的微震监测分站，其中地面监测分站使用无线网桥传输微震数据和太阳能电源管理方案；开发了GPS和井下IEEE1588联合同步，克服了无线网络不适合IEEE1588同步协议的问题，满足了地面孔中微震监测和煤矿井下孔中微震监测联合监测的需求。 对某矿煤层气井地面水力压裂微震监测和回采工作面底板破坏微震监测表明：孔中微震监测数据同步精度高，仪器工作稳定，在垂直方向定位精度高。

At present, the microseismic monitoring is gained importance in the field of oil and mine. Microseismic monitoring is widely used in the coal mine to warn against rock burst. Microseismic monitoring system is mainly lay out in roadway of mining. There are large error location in vertical direction microseismic event. It can not meet the production needs. Therefore, how to improve the vertical positioning accuracy of microseismic monitoring is an urgent need to study. Based on existing microseismic monitoring system, construction of the three-dimensional model of the layered medium were builded. Select a ray tracing algorithm in the positive, improve ray tracing methods and enhance the positive algorithm computational efficiency and accuracy. Based on the classic Geiger localization algorithm, choose the location method of DIRECT algorithm. The method reduce the number of searches, accelerate the computational efficiency and get high precision. In order to meet the coal mine downhole microseismic monitoring requirements, develop a geophone with automatically pushed against the downhole, support the development of geophone installation technology. The monitoring system is designed. The development of microseismic monitoring station can be used in surface and underground. Surface monitoring station can use a wireless bridge to transfer microseismic data and solar power management solutions. This devise joint GPS and IEEE1588 synchronization together. This technology meet the demand in coal mine surface microseismic monitoring and downhole microseismic monitoring. Coal mine methane fracture monitoring and coal face floor failure microseismic monitoring verify the coal mine downhole microseismic monitoring reliability and high-precision data synchronization. The instrument is stable high positioning accuracy in the vertical direction.