在自然环境下，煤层露头煤因氧化聚热引发煤田自燃，煤层自燃不断向深部发展所形成的大面积煤田火灾，是人类面临的重大自然灾害之一。煤层自燃严重制约着矿井高产高效、安全生产与科学发展的实现，造成严重的资源浪费、环境污染、人员伤亡和财产损失。 作为“煤田火灾综合治理”的子课题之一，本文基于目前煤炭自燃发火起因和机理的研究，紧紧围绕温宿博孜敦矿区4号煤层露头火灾实际情况，对露头煤自燃火灾治理技术进行研究。第一，根据影响煤层自燃的因素，分析引起露头煤层自燃的原因及影响因素。第二，探讨目前露头煤自燃治理技术，提出针对博孜敦矿区4号煤层露头火应用的胶体防灭火技术。分析胶体材料特性及注胶系统工艺，选择符合该火灾实际情况的系统工艺。第三，研究露头火灾治理技术，并将测氡技术应用于火区火源探测。第四，研究干粉封堵材料见水快速膨胀粘结并柔性固化技术，结果表明该技术能够有效地封堵岩石裂隙，省去了坚硬岩石的爆破剥离和黄土覆盖工程。第五，利用露头煤自燃火灾综合防治技术对博孜敦矿区4号煤层露头火灾进行成功的治理，对尽快消除自燃火灾，恢复该工作面的安全生产发挥了重要的作用。 论文所研究的测氡技术及胶体防灭火技术对露头煤自燃火灾综合治理有一定的借鉴意义。

Under natural conditions, outcrop coal can cause spontaneous combustion of coalfield because of oxygen and assembling heat, and spontaneous combustion of coal seam is continuously expanding into the deep areas and forms large area coalfield fire, which is one of the major natural disasters people faced. Spontaneous combustion of coal seam seriously restricts the realization of high production and high efficiency, safety production and scientific development of coal mine, and caused by serious resource waste, environmental pollution, casualties and property loss. As a sub-project of “The Comprehensive Treatment of Coalfield Fire”, basing on the present research of causes and mechanism of spontaneous combustion of coal, this paper closely focus on the actual situation of 4# coal seam in Bozidun mine in Wensu and studies on treatment technique of spontaneous combustion of coal seam for outcrop coal. Firstly, according to the influence factors of spontaneous combustion, this paper analyses the causes and influence factors of spontaneous combustion about outcrop coal. Secondly, the paper discusses the treatment technique of spontaneous combustion about outcrop coal and brings forward gel fire extinguishing technique aiming at outcrop fire of 4# coal seam in Bozidun mine, as well as analyses the characteristics of colloid material and the process of infuse colloid system and choose a process according with the actual fire situation. Thirdly, the paper studies the treatment technique of outcrop fire, thus, measuring radon method is applied to fire source probing of fire area. Fourthly, the paper studies the rapid expansion bond and flexible solidification technique of dry powder sealing material. The result show that this technique can effectively seal the rock cranny and avoid the work of explosive dust stripping of hard rocks and loess covering. Fifthly, using the comprehensive treatment technique, we made a successful treatment on outcrop fire of 4# coal seam in Bozidun mine, this has an important action for eliminating spontaneous combustion fire and restoring safety production of the working face. In summary, the research of radon measuring technique and gel fire prevention and control technique has some reference significance for the comprehensive treatment technique of outcrop fire.