榆神府矿区是我国的特大型煤田开发基地，蕴藏着丰富的煤炭资源。该区地处我国多个过渡区上，存在着严重的生态环境问题，近年来煤炭开发又带来的一系列新的问题，生态环境极为脆弱。探讨榆神府矿区生态脆弱性的成因并作出评价，不仅可以丰富我国在生态脆弱性方面的研究，而且对该区可持续发展战略的实施，乃至整个榆林地区生态环境的改善都有十分重要的意义。 　　本文通过对榆神府矿区实地调查，结合生态脆弱性评价理论，针对煤矿区生态系统的特点，建立了煤矿区生态脆弱性评价体系，并采用集对分析法对该区生态脆弱性进行了综合评价。最后，运用因子分析法探寻了榆神府矿区生态脆弱的成因和主要驱动力。取得了如下结论： 　　⑴ 从生态环境、自然资源、社会经济和可持续性4个方面选取了适合榆神府矿区生态脆弱性评价的13个评价指标，并运用层次分析法确定所选评价指标的权重。参照榆林市地区规划以及咨询专家意见后形成榆神府矿区生态脆弱性评价标准。 　　⑵ 考虑到生态脆弱性的不确定性，运用集对分析法对榆神府矿区1998~2007连续十年的生态脆弱性进行评价，结果表明：榆神府矿区1998年的生态脆弱度为V级，即极脆弱；1999~2003年为IV级，即强脆弱；2004~2007年为III级，即脆弱。用生态脆弱度公式对集对分析法的评价结果进行检验，结果可靠，即该区生态脆弱，但正在逐步好转。 　　⑶ 以榆神府矿区生态环境脆弱性评价为基础，将原复合型指标转化为包含25个评价因子的单因子指标体系。运用因子分析法，定量得出榆神府矿区生态环境脆弱性的三个主要驱动力：环境背景驱动力、人口承载驱动力和经济发展驱动力，其贡献率分别为52.036%、20.928%和16.792%，累积贡献率达到89.757%。分析榆神府矿区生态脆弱的成因，认为影响该区生态脆弱的主要是自然因素，人类活动可以影响其发展方向。

Yushenfu mining area，which is rich in coal resources, has become a large coal development base in China. Numerous ecological and environmental problems are arisen since it is located in the pastoral areas of northern China and the transition zone of desert and the Loess Plateau, such as the serious desertification and soil erosion, and a series of new environmental problems from coal mining. Investigating the causes of the fragility in Yushenfu mining area has great significance in implementing the strategy of sustainable development, as well as improving of the ecological environment in Yulin. 　　Based on the survey Yushenfu mining area and the theory of ecological fragility, a evaluation system of ecological vulnerability for mine was set up. SPA(set pair analysis) was used to evaluat the ecological fragility. Finally, using factor analysis, 25 factors of 10 years were chose to find the main driving force of fragile environment in Yushenfu mining. The main conclusions are as follows: 　　⑴ Divided the ecological system of Yushenfu mining into 4 subsystem: ecological environment, natural resources, socio-economic and sustainability, then got the 13 indicatores which were suitable for evaluating the ecological fragility. The weight of the indicators were selected by AHP. Then, reference to the regional planning of Yulin City and the experts’ opinion, the standards of ecological vulnerability assessment in Yushenfu mine were made. 　　⑵ Since the uncertainty point of ecological fragility, the ten straight years’ ecological fragility of Yushenfu mine area were evaluated by set pair analysis, the results showed that: Yushenfu mining’s ecological fragulity level was V in 1998, that was very fragile; from 1999 to 2003 were IV, that was strong fragile; from 2004 to 2007 were III, that was fragile. Then verify the results using the formula which has been confirmde, the rusults were basically same. That is, the ecological environment of this area was gradually improving. 　　⑶ Change the composite index of the ecological fragility evalution in Yushenfu mining into the 25 single-factor indicators. The three major driving forces were quantitative got by using of factor analysis: environmental background driving force, population carrying driving force and economic development driving force. The respective contribution rate were 52.036%, 20.928% and 16.792 %, and the cumulative contribution rate is 89.757%. It indicated that the cause of the ecological fragile in Yushenfu mining was mainly natural factors, but human activities could affect the development.