断层是矿井开采中常见的一种地质构造，断层的存在破坏了地层的连续，使其附近区域原岩应力分布发生变化，临近断层工作面进行回采时，可能诱发断层活化引起矿山动力灾害，严重影响工作面的安全高效开采。近年来，国内外众多学者对工作面过断层时，采场围岩运移演化规律做了大量研究，而针对断层沿工作面走向发育条件下的研究较少。因此，深入研究断层对相邻工作面矿压显现的影响对于丰富采场围岩控制理论，指导现场工程实践具有重要意义。

本文通过岩石力学实验、相似材料模拟实验、数值模拟、理论分析及现场监测等方法，系统分析了走向正断层对相邻工作面覆岩运移及采动应力演化规律的影响，并进行现场监测提出了稳定性控制措施，主要研究结果表明：

随着工作面靠近断层，上盘由覆岩破断线、断层及断层与工作面之间煤体构成的“倒梯形”覆岩结构向“倒楔形”演变，结构稳定性增强，而下盘“倒梯形”覆岩结构在自重应力作用下产生向工作面内回转趋势；沿工作面倾向，临断层侧顶板易发生整体性垮落，而沿垂直煤层方向，临断层侧高位顶板易发生整体性剪切破坏，进而导致断层倾角影响下，下盘工作面顶板更易以整体性倾覆式切落破断向工作面内回转，稳定性较差。

下盘工作面与断层间距大于30m左右时，断层对工作面无明显影响；小于30m左右，断层与工作面之间煤体的应力增长幅值突增，工作面两端头煤壁超前支承压力及顶板下沉量差异逐渐扩大。两盘相比，断层对上盘工作面支承压力影响较显著，对下盘断层与工作面之间煤体的应力集中程度影响较显著，同时两盘工作面临断层侧顶板下沉量均大于工作面另一侧，表明随工作面靠近断层，顶板应力、位移分布沿工作面倾向分区性逐渐显现，断层与工作面之间的距离越小，两盘顶板运移越剧烈。

两盘岩梁破断受弹性模量、厚度、工作面倾向长度和断层倾角共同影响，在断层切割作用下，上、下盘围岩向对盘传递载荷能力的差异性导致两盘顶板出现不同的应力状态，当岩梁最大拉应力超过其许用应力时将发生破断失稳，且下盘顶板相比上盘更易失稳。

在黄陵煤矿瑞能煤业临正断层走向布置工作面进行矿压监测，支架平均工作阻力沿工作面倾向呈“中部区域>靠边界煤柱一侧>靠断层侧”分区特征。随着工作面靠近断层，临断层侧区域顶板破碎，支架工作阻力较小且来压前后受载不稳定，分区特征更趋明显。针对断层沿工作面走向摆布不均，断层与工作面之间距离变化不一，导致围岩稳定性难以控制问题，提出了工作面顶板及巷道围岩沿走向分阶段稳定性控制措施，确保工作面的安全开采。

    Fault is a common geological structure in mining. The existence of fault breaks the continuity of strata, and changes the stress distribution of the original rock in the surrounding area, it may induce fault activation and lead to mine dynamic disaster, which will seriously affect the safe and efficient mining of working face. In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the movement and evolution of the surrounding rock when the working face passes through the fault, but little research has been done on the condition that the fault develops along the working face strike. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the influence of faults on strata behaviors of adjacent working faces in order to enrich the control theory of surrounding rock in Stope and guide field engineering practice.

    In this paper, through rock mechanics experiment, similar material simulation experiment, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and field monitoring, etc. , the influence of strike normal fault on the movement of overlying strata and the evolution law of mining stress in adjacent working face is systematically analyzed, and the stability control measures are put forward by on-site monitoring:

    As the working face approaches the fault, the“Inverted trapezoid” overlying rock structure formed by the fault line and coal body between the fault and the working face evolves to the“Inverted wedge”, and the structural stability is enhanced, the“Inverted trapezoid” overlying rock structure in the footwall has the tendency of turning to the working face under the action of self-weight stress, along the working face tendency, the roof near the side of the fault is easy to collapse as a whole, while along the direction of the vertical coal seam, under the influence of the dip angle of the fault, the roof of the working face of the footwall is more easily to turn to the working face with the integral overturning cutting and breaking, and the stability is poor.

    When the distance between the footwall working face and the fault is more than 30 m, the fault has no obvious influence on the working face, and when the distance is less than 30 m, the stress increase amplitude of the coal body between the fault and the working face suddenly increases, the difference of the lead abutment pressure of coal wall and the subsidence of roof at the two ends of working face is gradually enlarged. Compared with the two faces, the influence of the fault on the abutment pressure of the upper face is more obvious, and the influence on the stress concentration degree of the coal body between the lower face fault and the working face is more obvious, at the same time, the subsidence of the roof on the side facing the fault is larger than that on the other side of the working face, indicating that the distribution of the roof stress and displacement along the dip of the working face gradually appears as the working face approaches the fault, the smaller the distance between the fault and the working face, the more intense the roof movement of the two plates.

    The failure of rock beam in two plates is affected by elastic modulus, thickness, dip length of working face and dip angle of fault, the difference of load transfer capacity between upper and lower wall rock leads to different stress state of roof of two walls. When the maximum tensile stress of rock beam exceeds its allowable stress, it will break and lose stability, and the lower plate roof than the upper plate more vulnerable to instability.

    Based on the ground pressure monitoring in the face of Linzheng fault strike arrangement in Ruineng coal industry of Huangling County coal mine, the average working resistance of the support along the face inclined to have the characteristics of “Central area > side of boundary coal pillar > side of fault”. As the working face is near the fault, the roof of the area near the fault is broken, the working resistance of the support is small and the loading is unstable before and after the coming pressure. In view of the uneven distribution of faults along the strike of the working face and the variation of the distance between the fault and the working face, it is difficult to control the stability of the surrounding rock, the stability control measures of roof and roadway surrounding rock along strike are put forward to ensure the safety mining of the face.