随着煤矿智能化、机械化、自动化水平的日益提高，作业环境煤尘污染日益严重，严重威胁环境和人体职业卫生健康，而复合抑尘剂能大幅度降低煤尘产生，是解决煤尘问题有效的方法之一。因此本文旨在研究制备出一种适用于实际复杂煤尘环境下的复合抑尘剂，对煤矿工作人员的职业安全健康具有重要意义。研究发现，抑尘剂的降尘性能受不同浓度抑尘剂、不同种类抑尘剂、不同变质程度煤样、不同粒径煤样、不同含油量煤样等多种因素影响，且抑尘剂作用于煤尘表面的降尘性能主要由润湿及团聚性能决定，两者对降尘性能的影响大小并未研究。因此，本论文通过润湿性实验（沉降实验、表面张力实验）、团聚性实验（稳定态实验、扫描电镜实验）以及抗风蚀性实验（风洞模拟实验），研究了多因素影响下抑尘剂的润湿性能、团聚性能、降尘性能，分析了多因素对三大性能影响，并应用Spearman量化分析了润湿、团聚与抗风蚀性之间的相关性，确定润湿性能和团聚性能的主导性。最后通过响应曲面法对抑尘剂配方优化，找出可应用于实际复杂煤尘环境下的抑尘剂最优解，为煤矿现场应用抑尘剂降低煤尘产生，防止煤尘超限引起的一系列问题提供了数据参考，具体工作内容包括以下几个方面：

    （1）首先选取SDBS 、AES、APG-10以及FMEE四种碳氢表面活性剂进行润湿性、团聚性、抗风蚀性实验，开展了不同影响因素下的润湿、团聚、降尘性能研究。基于电解质对碳氢表面活性剂降尘性能的提升效果，选取NaCl、CuSO₄、NaAc三种电解质进行碳氢-电解质二元抑尘剂的润湿、团聚、降尘性能研究，并通过Spearman相关性分析判断润湿性能及团聚性能的主导性。研究发现，SDBS和FMEE的三大性能高于AES和APG-10；电解质能大幅度提升碳氢表面活性剂的三大性能，且NaCl和NaAc对表面活性剂的提升效果高于CuSO₄；针对不同变质程度煤样，阴离子碳氢表面活性剂、阴离子-电解质对褐煤的敏感程度远远高于烟煤与无烟煤，非离子碳氢表面活性剂、非离子-电解质对烟煤与无烟煤的敏感程度远远高于褐煤；团聚性能在降尘性能方面占主导地位。

    （2）通过上述研究，选取降尘性能较好的SDBS、FMEE碳氢表面活性剂进行后续研究，基于碳氢-短链氟碳表面活性剂较单一碳氢表面活性剂更优异的降尘性能，选取FS-50、FS-3100两种氟碳表面活性剂进行碳氢-短链氟碳表面活性剂的润湿、团聚、降尘性能研究。在此核心基础上，选取三大性能最优的碳氢-短链氟碳表面活性剂并加入电解质形成碳氢-短链氟碳-电解质三元抑尘剂，并对其进行润湿、团聚、降尘性能研究。最后，再次通过Spearman相关性分析判断润湿性能及团聚性能的主导性。研究发现，短链氟碳表面活性剂能在一定程度上提升碳氢表面活性剂的润湿、团聚、降尘性能，且FS-3100的提升效果优于FS-50；电解质对碳氢-短链氟碳表面活性剂的三大性能仍有明显的促进效果，且NaAc的提升效果优于NaCl；针对不同粒径煤样，碳氢-短链氟碳-电解质在团聚性方面呈现出50-74μm＞75-154μm＞50μm以下，碳氢-短链氟碳-电解质在润湿性方面、碳氢-短链氟碳表面活性剂在润湿及团聚性能方面皆表现为75-154μm＞50-74μm＞50μm以下；团聚性能在降尘性能方面占主导地位。

    （3）上述两部分仅对抑尘剂作用于非煤油共生环境下煤尘表面的基础物理特性进行了研究，且煤颗粒含油量较低，而对煤油共生环境下抑尘剂的润湿、团聚、降尘性能并未涉及，高性能且可应用于不同煤尘环境下的抑尘剂还未找到。因此，此部分选取对碳氢表面活性剂三大性能提升较好的FS-3100进行后续研究，对SDBS、FMEE、FS-3100、NaCl、NaAc进行煤油共生环境下三元抑尘剂性能研究。在此核心基础上，应用响应曲面法对抑尘剂配方进行优化，得到可应用于煤油共生和不共生环境下的抑尘剂最优解。研究发现，煤尘含油量增加会降低抑尘剂的润湿性能，提高抑尘剂的团聚性能；FMEE+FS-3100+NaAc复合抑尘剂的降尘效果较其他抑尘剂而言更优；0.08% FMEE、0.07%FS-3100、3.00%NaAc时，复配体达到最优解，降尘率为88.13%，该抑尘剂可应用于煤油共生和不共生环境中。

    With the increasing level of coal mine intelligence, mechanization and automation, the coal dust pollution in the working environment is becoming more and more serious, which seriously threatens the environment and human occupational health. The compound dust suppressant can greatly reduce the coal dust, and it is one of the effective methods to solve the coal dust problem. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study and prepare a compound dust suppressant suitable for the actual complex coal dust environment, which is of great significance to the occupational safety and health of coal mine workers. It is found that the dust suppression performance of dust suppressants is influenced by many factors, such as different concentrations, different kinds of dust suppressants, coal samples with different metamorphic degrees, coal samples with different particle sizes and coal samples with different oil content, and the dust suppression performance of dust suppressants on coal dust surface is mainly determined by wetting and agglomeration performance. The influence of both on dust suppression performance has not been studied. Therefore, in this paper, through wettability experiment (sedimentation experiment, surface tension experiment), agglomeration experiment (steady state experiment, scanning electron microscope experiment) and wind erosion resistance experiment (wind tunnel simulation experiment), the wetting performance, agglomeration performance and dust suppression performance of dust suppressant under the influence of many factors are studied, and the influences of many factors on the three performances are analyzed. The correlation between wetting, agglomeration and wind erosion resistance is quantitatively analyzed by Spearman, and the wetting performance and dust suppression performance are determined. Finally, the formula of dust suppressant is optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal solution of dust suppressant that can be applied in the actual complex coal dust environment is found, which provides data reference for the application of dust suppressant in coal mine to reduce coal dust production and prevent a series of problems caused by coal dust overrun. The specific work contents include the following aspects:

     (1) Firstly, four hydrocarbon surfactants, SDBS, AES, APG-10 and FMEE, were selected for experiments on wettability, agglomeration and wind erosion resistance, and the wettability, agglomeration and dust suppression performance under different influencing factors were studied. Based on the improvement effect of electrolytes on the dust suppression performance of hydrocarbon surfactants, three electrolytes, NaCl, CuSO₄ and NaAc, were selected to study the wetting, agglomeration and dust suppression performance of hydrocarbon-electrolyte binary dust suppressant, and the dominance of wetting and agglomeration performance was judged by Spearman correlation analysis. It is found that the three performances of SDBS and FMEE are higher than those of AES and APG-10;Electrolyte can greatly improve the three properties of hydrocarbon surfactant, and NaCl and NaAc have higher effect on surfactant than CuSO₄;For coal samples with different metamorphic degrees, the sensitivity of anionic hydrocarbon surfactant and anionic electrolyte to lignite is much higher than that of bituminous coal and anthracite, and the sensitivity of nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant and nonionic electrolyte to bituminous coal and anthracite is much higher than that of lignite;Agglomeration performance is dominant in dust suppression performance.

    (2) Through the above research, SDBS and FMEE hydrocarbon surfactants with good dustfall performance were selected for follow-up research. Based on the superior dustfall performance of hydrocarbon-short chain fluorocarbon surfactants compared with single hydrocarbon surfactant, FS-50 and FS-3100 were selected to study the wetting, agglomeration and dustfall performance of hydrocarbon-short chain fluorocarbon surfactants. On the basis of this core, three hydrocarbon-short chain fluorocarbon surfactants with the best performance were selected and electrolyte was added to form a ternary dust suppressant, and its wetting, agglomeration and dust suppression properties were studied. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis is used to judge the dominance of wetting property and agglomeration property. It is found that short-chain fluorocarbon surfactant can improve the wetting, agglomeration and dust suppression performance of hydrocarbon surfactant to a certain extent, and FS-3100 is better than FS-50.Electrolyte hydrocarbon-short chain fluorocarbon surfactant still has obvious promotion effect on three properties, and the promotion effect of NaAc is better than that of NaCl;For coal samples with different particle sizes, the agglomeration of hydrocarbon-short-chain fluorocarbon-electrolyte is 50-74μm>75-154μm>under 50μm, the wettability of hydrocarbon-short-chain fluorocarbon-electrolyte and wettability and agglomeration of hydrocarbon-short-chain fluorocarbon surfactant are all 75-154μm>50-74μm>under 50μm;Agglomeration is dominant in dust suppression.

    (3) The above two parts only studied the basic physical characteristics of dust suppressants acting on the surface of coal dust in non-kerosene symbiotic environment, and the oil content of coal particles was low, but the wetting, agglomeration and dust-settling performance of dust suppressants in kerosene symbiotic environment were not involved, and dust suppressants with high performance that can be applied in different coal dust environments were not found. Therefore, in this part, FS-3100, which has improved the three major properties of hydrocarbon surfactants, is selected for follow-up research, and the performance of SDBS, FMEE,FS-3100,NaCl and NaAc as ternary dust suppressants in kerosene symbiotic environment is studied. On the basis of this core, the formula of dust suppressant was optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal solution of dust suppressant that can be applied in kerosene symbiotic and non-symbiotic environment was obtained.It is found that increasing the oil content of coal dust will reduce the wetting performance of dust suppressant and improve the agglomeration performance of dust suppressant. The dust suppression effect of FMEE+FS-3100+NaAc compound dust suppressant is better than other dust suppressants. When 0.08% FMEE,0.07%FS-3100 and 3.00%NaAc were used, the compound reached the optimal solution, and the dust suppression rate was 88.13%.This dust suppressant can be used in the symbiotic and non-symbiotic environment of kerosene.

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