随着我国道路交通强度的持续上升，车辆超限超载问题日益突出，严重威胁交通安全并加速路面结构的损耗。这对动态称重系统在精度、便携性及环境适应性等方面提出了更高要求。针对传统动态称重系统在复杂工况下存在测量性能波动大、误差控制困难等问题，本文围绕“基于压电电荷系数补偿的便携式动态称重系统设计与精度优化”开展系统性研究，提出并实现了一种基于压电电荷系数补偿方法的具有高精度、轻量化及快速部署能力的便携式动态称重平台。主要研究内容如下：

（1）针对传统便携式动态称重系统在精度、环境适应性和部署灵活性方面的不足，提出了一种集成化综合解决方案，并围绕其系统设计与实现展开研究。系统采用STM32F103C8T6微控制器、ADS1256高精度模数转换器与AD8065电荷放大器构建高精度信号采集链路，结合ESP8266实现远程无线通信，配合基于Python与PyQt5的人机交互界面及阿里云边缘服务器，支持动态称重数据的实时处理与远程传输。该系统具备高精度、轻量化和多场景适应能力，适用于公路与桥梁等应用场景，为智能交通监管提供可扩展的技术支撑。

（2）针对现有研究普遍侧重于系统架构与算法优化，而对传感器选型及误差机理缺乏系统性分析的现状，本章聚焦于复杂动态载荷条件下传感器材料特性、信号转换机制及环境干扰对称重精度的影响。通过对比六类动态称重传感器，最终选定压电石英作为核心组件，并基于压电效应理论解析其电荷输出机制与动态适配性。针对压电系数空间分布不均导致的测量误差问题，提出一套系统化解决方案：构建力-电耦合实验平台，依据Nyquist准则设计15×7网格测试布局，通过3σ准则提升数据质量，实现压电系数空间精准测量；结合优化后的Savitzky-Golay滤波，建立集成信号预处理、空间补偿与多轴合成的动态称重模型，显著提升系统测量精度与稳定性，并为压电材料表征与工程应用提供理论与方法支撑。

（3）在结构设计方面，本文提出采用石英-铝板-绝缘层三层复合结构的传感单元，平台主体选用高强度铝合金材料，结合有限元分析与拓扑优化方法，实现轻量化与高刚性之间的优化平衡。平台内部设计对称燕尾槽与精密榫卯结构，以保障传感单元稳定安装与载荷高效传递，从而提升系统的动态响应一致性与机械结构可靠性。基于压电电荷系数分布的动态称重精度优化方法通过实地测试得到验证。在西安市典型路段开展的多车速、多载重工况实验表明，传统方法下测量误差波动较大，最高超过±5%；引入S-G平滑与电荷系数补偿后，误差控制在±3%以内，显著提升测量精度。系统在多车型、多工况条件下均表现出良好的稳定性与适应性，验证了其高精度测量能力与工程应用可行性。

As the intensity of road traffic in China continues to rise, the problem of vehicle overloading is becoming more and more prominent, posing a serious threat to traffic safety and accelerating the wear and tear of pavement structures. This puts forward higher requirements for dynamic weighing system in terms of accuracy, portability and environmental adaptability. For the traditional dynamic weighing system in complex working conditions, there are problems such as large fluctuation in measurement performance and difficulty in error control, this paper focuses on the “portable dynamic weighing system design and accuracy optimization based on piezoelectric charge coefficient compensation” to carry out systematic research, and proposes and realizes a piezoelectric charge coefficient compensation method based on the system with high accuracy, light weight and rapid deployment capability, We propose and realize a portable dynamic weighing platform with high accuracy, light weight and rapid deployment capability based on the piezoelectric charge coefficient compensation method. The main work is as follows:

(1) Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional portable dynamic weighing system in terms of accuracy, environmental adaptability and deployment flexibility, an integrated solution is proposed, and the research is centered on its system design and implementation. The system integrates STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, ADS1256 high-precision analog-to-digital converter and AD8065 charge amplifier to build a high-precision signal acquisition link, combines with ESP8266 to realize remote wireless communication, and cooperates with human-computer interaction interface based on Python and PyQt5 and Aliyun Edge Server, to support real-time processing and remote transmission of dynamic weighing data. The system is characterized by high precision, light weight, and high reliability. With high precision, light weight and multi-scene adaptability, the system is suitable for application scenarios such as highways and bridges, and provides scalable technical support for intelligent transportation supervision.

(2) Aiming at the status quo that existing research generally focuses on the optimization of system architecture and algorithms, but lacks systematic analysis of sensor selection and error mechanism, this chapter focuses on the influence of sensor material properties, signal conversion mechanism and environmental interference on weighing accuracy under complex dynamic loading conditions. By comparing six types of dynamic load cells, piezoelectric quartz is finally selected as the core component, and its charge output mechanism and dynamic adaptability are analyzed based on the piezoelectric effect theory. A systematic solution is proposed to address the measurement errors caused by uneven spatial distribution of piezoelectric coefficients: a force-electric coupling experimental platform is constructed, a 15×7 grid test layout is designed based on the Nyquist criterion, and the 3σ criterion is used to improve the data quality and realize the spatially accurate measurement of the piezoelectric coefficients; an integrated signal pre-processing is established by combining with the optimized Savitzky-Golay filtering, Combined with the optimized Savitzky-Golay filter, a dynamic weighing model integrating signal pre-processing, spatial compensation and multi-axis synthesis is established, which significantly improves the measurement accuracy and stability of the system and provides theoretical and methodological support for piezoelectric material characterization and engineering applications.

(3) In terms of structural design, this paper proposes the use of quartz-aluminum plate-insulation layer three-layer composite structure of the sensing unit, the platform main body is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, combined with finite element analysis and topology optimization methods, to achieve an optimal balance between lightweight and high rigidity. Symmetrical dovetail grooves and precision mortise and tenon structures are designed inside the platform to ensure stable installation of the sensing unit and efficient load transfer, thus enhancing the consistency of the system's dynamic response and the reliability of the mechanical structure. The dynamic weighing accuracy optimization method based on piezoelectric charge coefficient distribution is verified by field tests. The experiments carried out on typical road sections in Xi'an city with multiple vehicle speeds and loads show that the measurement error fluctuates greatly under the traditional method, with a maximum of more than ±5%; after the introduction of S-G smoothing and charge coefficient compensation, the error is controlled to be less than ±3%, which significantly improves the measurement accuracy. The system shows good stability and adaptability under multi-model and multi-condition conditions, which verifies its high-precision measurement capability and feasibility of engineering application.

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