急倾斜煤层主要分布在我国西部地区，煤炭资源开发已成为西部地区区域经济发展的重要支柱，所以，研究急倾斜煤层回采巷道，具有重要的科学意义和经济价值。本文依托导师黄庆享教授承担的四川省攀枝花煤业集团重点项目“太平矿急倾斜松软围岩煤巷锚网支护研究”，采用实验室相似模拟试验、计算机数值模拟、理论分析等方法，对急倾斜煤层回采巷道的破坏机理和支护设计进行了系统研究。首先通过现场地质资料分析和巷道变形的实测，得出了攀枝花太平煤矿急倾斜煤层开采回采巷道的基本变形与破坏形态。然后通过物理相似模拟实验，再现了急倾斜煤层开采的顶板围岩垮落过程，研究了开采后大范围围岩运动对巷道稳定性的影响，首次发现了巷道围岩沿层面的“底帮下挫”式非对称破坏形象。通过数值模拟与物理模拟的耦合分析，结合巷道围岩应力场的分布和塑性区的变化分析，揭示了巷道围岩的破坏主要是沿层面方向的采动集中应力引起的，其规律是在巷道帮角处先产生应力集中，然后从塑性区向外扩展，巷道变形和破坏的塑性区主要呈对角式分布，巷道围岩拉破坏区沿垂直层理的巷道对角发展。通过PFPA进行破裂跟踪分析，再现并证实了“底帮下挫”的破坏过程。通过理论分析，得出急倾斜煤层采动底板沿层面的下滑分力是导致巷道底帮变形严重的主要原因，初步揭示了巷道围岩的“底帮下挫”式破坏运动机理。据此，通过对比分析进行了巷道断面优化设计，得出了“直墙三角拱”的优化断面。最后，运用工程类比法，按照围岩松动圈理论进行了锚杆支护设计，确定了相关的参数，并在太平矿得到了较好的应用。本文的研究可为类似矿区提供有益借鉴。

There are a lot of the steep coal seams in the western region. The resource of the mine is very important support to develop economy, so studying on roadway of the steep seam has scientific and economic value. The paper is on the basis of my supervisor & Professor Huang Qingxiang’s item which is Tai ping coal mine’s bolting supporting of soft surrounding rock of the steep coal mine of PanZhihua Mineral Bureau key item. By using the similitude test calculation with finite element method and theoretical analysis and so on, the paper thoroughly studied the failure laws of the roadway and characteristics of the stress distribution in the steep coal seam. Firstly, through analyzing the geological data and spot observation, we obtained the basic deformation and failure characteristics on roadway in TaiPing steep coal strata mine; Secondly, we reappear the roof caving process by the similitude test and study the roadway stability in large scale of surrounding rock movement, we firstly discover the phenomenon of the floor lowering and asymmetric deformation of the roadway through the bed plane. Through coupling of the similarity and numerical simulating and we study distributing of the stress fields and the plastic zone of the deformation, the regulation is obtained that the degree was accounted with characteristics of the roadway; the failure and deformation started at the capes of the roadway and then the area of paste area expanded outwardly. The plastic zone of the deformation and break of the surrounding rock is diagonal. The failure zone’s direction is diagonal with the vertical to the layer. We also recover the course “the floor lowering type” with the RFPA. On the base of the theoretical analysis, we obtained the main cause of the deformation roadway is the component gliding force and "the floor lowering type" movement mechanism in the steep seam. With the digital simulation we study the some kinds of the entry’s shape and compare to others, we apply the triangular arch of the vertical wall. Finally, through the engineering analogy method, we design the anchor mesh supporting with the theory of surrounding rock loose circle. The supporting effect is very good. It will give a beneficial reference to other analogical mine.