地下工程中，裂隙岩石广泛分布。富水裂隙岩石中，随原、次生裂隙不断成核、扩展、贯通，使得地下岩石发生突泥涌水灾害，现场施工常采用注浆加固技术来维持岩石稳定性，注浆加固体受各类扰动荷载响应，发生失稳破坏。本文研究采用霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验装置，通过对经过注浆处理且倾角各异的裂隙红砂岩试样进行单轴冲击压缩试验，旨在深入研究岩石在动态载荷作用下的力学响应特性、能量耗散行为、内部结构面的破坏机制以及应力波在岩石中传播和衰减的具体规律，具体研究工作及结论如下：

（1）对注浆裂隙岩石开展SHPB单轴冲击试验，揭示不同裂隙倾角、不同应变率条件下注浆裂隙岩石动态力学参数及强度变形规律。研究结果表明：大角度结构面试件应力-应变曲线变化趋势相同，60°与45°试件呈现出明显的脆性断裂特征。45°的试件的动态抗压强度先增大后减小。随着应变率的提高，峰值应变持续增长，应力波波动、动态应力应变及动态强度等表现出明显的率强化效应和结构面劣化效应，贯通结构面将显著劣化岩石极限承载能力。在相同的冲击应变率条件下，随着裂隙倾角的增大，试件的抗压强度呈现出持续增强的趋势。动态峰值应变随着节理倾角的改变，呈现出多样化的变化趋势。

（2）根据一维应力波理论对冲击作用下注浆裂隙岩石能量构成进行解析，阐述单结构面岩体强度破坏模式并分析其破坏机理。通过试验过程中高速摄影系统捕捉图像与最终破坏形态总结岩石冲击损伤破坏过程。研究发现：砂岩试件吸收能除透射能外随应变率的增加呈线性关系增加，相比于裂隙倾角，入射能、反射能、耗散能对加载率的变化更敏感，透射能对裂隙倾角的变化更敏感。相较于90°试件，45°、60°、75°试件沿结构面发生剪切破坏，低角度结构面引起岩体稳定性降低；含单结构面岩体破坏由内因（固有强度）和外因（外荷载）共同决定，受力变形特征受结构面方位和各部分强度共同控制，岩体强度与结构面的强度参数（黏聚力、摩擦角）和界面角度有关。失效破坏形式基于强度理论主要有注浆层压缩、注浆层剪断、浆岩压缩及浆岩压剪破坏，影响因素有应变率和结构面倾角。

（3）通过详尽追溯并分析应力波在岩石内部的不同界面与结构面上所经历的反复透射与反射过程，构建描述应力波传播与能量衰减过程的定量表达式，探究应力波在注浆裂隙岩石结构面内部的透反射传播规律及衰减规律。进一步研究明确了反射系数与透射系数的概念，并对这两个参数随条件变化的规律进行了系统的探讨：当应力波穿透具有较大倾角的结构面时，其能量衰减的现象尤为显著，表明在这种条件下，反射作用相对减弱，而透射作用相对增强。相较于应变率可能带来的强化作用，结构面引起的能量削弱效应更为显著，尤其是在较低应变率的条件下，结构面对应力波的透射能力施加了明显的限制。

本文对室内试验结果进行理论分析，探究不同结构面注浆裂隙岩石的动力学特性、能量耗散规律，对试验得到的应力应变曲线、峰值强度、峰值应变等动力学参数进行分析，并根据能耗特征分析其结构面破坏机理及应力波传播衰减规律，研究结果可为不良地质区域动力失稳事故的防治提供分析计算依据和理论基础。

In underground engineering, fractured rocks are widely distributed. In water rich fractured rocks, as primary and secondary fractures continue to nucleate, expand, and penetrate, underground rocks are prone to sudden mud and water inrush disasters. On site construction often uses grouting reinforcement technology to maintain rock stability. Grouting combined with solid response to various disturbance loads can cause instability and failure. This article investigates the mechanical response characteristics, energy dissipation behavior, failure mechanism of internal structural planes, and specific laws of stress wave propagation and attenuation in rocks under dynamic loads by conducting uniaxial impact compression tests on fractured red sandstone samples treated with grouting and with different inclination angles using the Hopkinson compression bar (SHPB) testing device. The specific research work and conclusions are as follows:

Conduct SHPB uniaxial impact tests on grouting fractured rocks to reveal the dynamic mechanical parameters and strength deformation laws of grouting fractured rocks under different crack angles and strain rates. The research results indicate that the stress-strain curve of large-angle structural specimens shows the same trend, while the 60° and 45°specimens exhibit obvious brittle fracture characteristics. The dynamic compressive strength of the 45°specimen first increases and then decreases. As the strain rate increases, the peak strain continues to increase, and stress wave fluctuations, dynamic stress-strain, and dynamic strength exhibit obvious rate strengthening effects and structural plane degradation effects. The through structural plane will significantly degrade the ultimate bearing capacity of the rock. Under the same impact strain rate conditions, as the crack inclination angle increases, the compressive strength of the specimen shows a continuous increasing trend. The dynamic peak strain shows a diversified trend with the change of joint inclination angle.

Based on one-dimensional stress wave theory, the energy composition of grouting fractured rock under impact is analyzed, and the strength failure mode of single structural plane rock mass is explained and its failure mechanism is analyzed. Summarize the process of rock impact damage and failure by capturing images and the final failure morphology using a high-speed photography system during the experiment. Research has found that the absorption energy of sandstone specimens increases linearly with the increase of strain rate, except for the transmission energy. Compared to the inclination angle of fractures, the incident energy, reflected energy, and dissipated energy are more sensitive to changes in loading rate, while the transmission energy is more sensitive to changes in fracture inclination angle. Compared to the 90° specimens, the 45°, 60°, and 75° specimens experienced shear failure along the structural plane, and the low angle structural plane caused a decrease in rock stability; The failure of a rock mass with a single structural plane is determined by both internal factors (intrinsic strength) and external factors (external load). The stress deformation characteristics are controlled by the orientation of the structural plane and the strength of each part. The strength of the rock mass is related to the strength parameters (cohesion, friction angle) and interface angle of the structural plane. The failure modes based on strength theory mainly include grouting layer compression, grouting layer shear, grouting rock compression, and grouting rock compression shear failure. The influencing factors include strain rate and structural plane inclination angle.

(3) By tracing and analyzing the repeated transmission and reflection processes of stress waves at different interfaces and structural planes inside rocks in detail, a quantitative expression describing the propagation and energy attenuation process of stress waves is constructed to explore the transmission, reflection, and attenuation laws of stress waves inside the structural planes of grouted fractured rocks. Further research has clarified the concepts of reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient, and systematically explored the patterns of these two parameters changing with conditions: when stress waves penetrate structural surfaces with larger inclinations, the phenomenon of energy attenuation is particularly significant, indicating that under these conditions, the reflection effect is relatively weakened, while the transmission effect is relatively enhanced. Compared to the strengthening effect that strain rate may bring, the energy weakening effect caused by structural planes is more significant, especially under lower strain rate conditions, where structural planes impose significant limitations on the transmission ability of stress waves.

This article theoretically analyzes the results of indoor experiments, explores the dynamic characteristics and energy dissipation laws of grouting cracks in rocks with different structural planes, analyzes the dynamic parameters such as stress-strain curves, peak strength, and peak strain obtained from the experiments, and analyzes the failure mechanism of structural planes and the attenuation law of stress wave propagation based on energy consumption characteristics. The research results can provide analysis and calculation basis and theoretical basis for the prevention and control of dynamic instability accidents in unfavorable geological areas.

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