煤炭开采伴生的煤矸石是我国大宗工业固废之一，其高效资源化利用对降低环境负 荷、推动循环经济发展具有关键作用。本研究以陕西某矿煤矸石为对象，通过物理化学 全面系统测试其资源属性，结合多准则（技术可行性、经济效益、环境影响）决策方法 综合评价其利用方案，旨在为煤矸石高效资源化提供科学依据。

（1）研究首先对煤矸石进行取样与保存，采用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、电感耦 合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）、 X射线衍射仪（XRD）等设备，全面分析了煤矸石的化 学成分、矿物组成及力学特性。结果表明：该矿煤矸石以SiO₂（57.41%）和 Al₂O₃（28.94%） 为主，铝硅比为0.54，属高铝硅比黏土岩类煤矸石；矿物组成以绿泥石（34.4%）、石英 （33.6%）和高岭石（20.1%）为主，具有中等单轴抗压强度（16.4 MPa）、低塑性指数 （9.3%）、低热值（556.33 kJ/kg）及低放射性风险（内/外照射指数分别为0.0、0.1）。

（2）结合相关煤矸石利用政策文件与其理化特性分析得出该矸石适用于陶粒、加 气混凝土、微生物肥料、土壤改良剂与路基填筑五种利用方向。基于属性特征，围绕五 种利用途径研究构建了涵盖技术可行性、经济效益与环境影响的综合评价指标体系。

（3）采用层次分析法（AHP）与熵权法组合赋权，结合逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS） 法对五种煤矸石资源化利用方案进行排序。通过确定正负理想解并计算欧式距离及相对 贴近度得出结果显示：路基填料的贴近度最高（0.7658），主要因其技术门槛低、成本低 廉及大规模消纳能力；陶粒（0.4459）与加气混凝土（0.3402）次之，受限于能耗高与本 地产业链配套不足；微生物肥料（0.1670）与土壤改良剂（0.3363）因技术复杂度和市场 需求有限排序靠后。进一步分析表明，路基填料方案符合矿区道路建设需求，可快速实 现矸石减量化；而陶粒等高附加值方案需通过政策扶持与技术创新提升竞争力。

本研究通过“属性测试—特征明确—路径匹配—方案评价”的系统框架，研究方法 为煤矸石的分质分级资源化提供科学范式。研究成果可为同类矿区煤矸石综合利用提供 理论支持与实践参考，对推动固废资源化、促进循环经济发展具有重要应用价值。

Coal gangue associated with coal mining is one of the major industrial solid wastes in China. Its efficient resource utilization plays a key role in reducing environmental load and promoting the development of circular economy. This study takes the gangue of a mine in Shaanxi Province as the object, comprehensively and systematically tests its resource properties through physical chemistry, and comprehensively evaluates its utilization scheme by combining the multi-criteria (technological feasibility, economic benefits, environmental impact) decision making method, aiming at providing a scientific basis for the efficient resourcing of the coal gangue.

(1)The study first sampled and preserved the gangue, and comprehensively analyzed the chemical composition, mineral composition and mechanical properties of the gangue by using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP MS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and other equipment. The results show that: the gangue of this mine is dominated by SiO₂ (57.41%) and Al₂O₃ (28.94%), with an aluminum-silicon ratio of 0.54, which is a high-aluminum-silicon ratio of claystone gangue; the mineral composition is dominated by chlorite (34.4%), quartz (33.6%), and kaolinite (20.1%), and it has a medium uniaxial compressive strength (16.4 MPa), low plasticity index (9.3%), and low heat content. 9.3%), low calorific value (556.33 kJ/kg) and low radioactive risk (internal/external irradiation index is 0.0/0.1 respectively).

(2)Combined with the relevant gangue utilization policy documents and its physical and chemical properties, it is concluded that the gangue is suitable for five utilization directions: ceramic pellets, aerated concrete, microbial fertilizer, soil conditioner and roadbed filling. Based on the attribute characteristics, around the five ways of utilization research to build a comprehensive evaluation index system covering the technical feasibility, economic efficiencyand environmental impact.

(3)Using hierarchical analysis (AHP) and entropy weight method combined with a combination of assignment, combined with the approach to the ideal solution sorting method (TOPSIS) method of the five kinds of coal gangue resource utilization program for sorting. By determining the positive and negative ideal solutions and calculating the Euclidean distance and relative closeness, the results show that: the closeness of roadbed filler is the highest (0.7658), mainly due to its low technological threshold, low cost and large-scale consumption capacity; ceramic granule (0.4459) and aerated concrete (0.3402) are next to it, which is limited by high energy consumption and insufficient support of the local industrial chain; microbial fertilizer (0.1670) and soil conditioner (0.3370) are next to it. Microbial fertilizer (0.1670) and soil conditioner (0.3363) are ranked lower due to technical complexity and limited market demand. Further analysis shows that the roadbed filler solution meets the demand for road construction in mining areas and can quickly realize gangue reduction; while high value-added solutions such as ceramic granules need to enhance competitiveness through policy support and technological innovation.

In this study, through the system framework of attribute testing-feature clarification-path matching-scheme evaluation, the research method provides a scientific paradigm for the resource utilization of coal gangue through quality-classification and priority-based grading. The research results can provide theoretical support and practical reference for the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in similar mining areas, and have important application value for promoting the recycling of solid waste and promoting the development of circular economy.

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