煤尘是煤矿生产过程中的伴生物之一，是引起煤尘爆炸及工人尘肺病等风险的主要因素之一。目前，矿井煤尘治理主要采用粉尘抑制剂与喷雾降尘相结合，但同一抑尘剂对不同煤质煤尘抑制效果不同，应用过程中缺乏针对性。为提高烟煤煤尘抑制效果，针对烟煤煤尘特性，配制润湿团聚复配烟煤抑尘剂，对其性能开展实验测试和应用研究。
选用山阳煤矿烟煤煤样，通过粘度、表面张力、接触角等实验测定单体试剂团聚润湿性能参数，采用红外光谱及喷洒实验对团聚剂黄原胶（XTG）、卡拉胶（CAR）、魔芋胶（KGM）、刺槐豆胶（LBG）团聚特性进行研究。4种团聚剂润湿性参数与去离子水相同，粘度大小为XTG＞CAR＞KGM＞LBG。4种表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）、烷基甘糖（APG0810）、聚丙二醇（PPG400）溶液粘度与去离子水相近，随浓度无明显变化，表面张力及接触角随质量浓度增加迅速减小直至平稳，其中SDS与SDBS润湿效果最好。
通过单体团聚润湿性能参数实验及对煤粉作用效果，选择0.05 wt%XTG与4种表面活性剂复配，对4种复配试剂团聚润湿性能变化规律及作用效果进行研究。结果表明：4种复配试剂随表面活性剂浓度增大，表面张力、接触角、沉降时间减小，润湿性能提高；复配试剂能对煤尘有效团聚，形成致密团聚体，达到对煤尘的抑制效果。复配溶液中XTG构像改变，使得煤尘表面羟基吸附比例增加，促进混合胶束形成，减少烟煤颗粒在溶液中的下沉阻力，进一步提高润湿团聚作用，实现对烟煤煤尘润湿团聚效果。
通过搭建粉尘巷道物理模拟工业实验台进行动态降尘实验，在距产尘处1.7 m、风速5 m/s、喷雾压力1 MPa，广角实心锥形喷嘴实验条件下，复配抑尘剂相较水、SDBS、XTG单体分别增加了42.85%、40.26%、24.17%，能够有效提高全尘降尘效率，其全尘降尘效率为85.71%。通过开展现场应用实验，喷洒复配烟煤团聚抑尘剂比未采取降尘措施时的降尘效率提升86.6%，比采取喷水降尘措施时的降尘效率提升62.1%；呼吸性粉尘浓度可控制在14 mg/m³以内，平均浓度11.8 mg/m³。

Coal dust is one of the concomitants of the coal mine production process and is one of the main factors causing risks such as coal dust explosion and workers' pneumoconiosis. At present, coal dust management in mines mainly uses a combination of dust inhibitors and spray dust reduction, but the same dust suppressant has different coal dust suppression effects on different coal qualities, and the application process lacks specificity. In order to improve the bituminous coal dust inhibition effect, the wetting and agglomeration complex bituminous coal dust inhibitor was formulated for the characteristics of bituminous coal dust, and experimental tests and application studies were conducted on its performance.
The coal samples of bituminous coal from Shanyang coal mine were selected to determine the agglomeration wetting performance parameters of monomeric reagents by viscosity, surface tension and contact angle, and the agglomeration characteristics of agglomerates xanthan gum (XTG), carrageenan (CAR), konjac gum (KGM) and locust bean gum (LBG) were studied by infrared spectroscopy and spraying experiments. The wettability parameters of the four agglomerates were the same as those of deionized water, and the viscosity magnitude was XTG > CAR > KGM > LBG. The viscosity of the solutions of four surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), alkyl glycol (APG0810), and polypropylene glycol (PPG400) was similar to that of deionized water and did not change significantly with the concentration, and the surface tension and contact angle decreased rapidly with the increase of mass concentration until it was smooth, among which SDS and SDBS had the best wetting effect.
Through the experiment of monomer agglomeration wetting performance parameters and the effect on coal powder, 0.05 wt% XTG was selected to be compounded with four surfactants, and the change law of agglomeration wetting performance and the effect of the four compounding reagents were studied. The results showed that the surface tension, contact angle and settling time of the four compound reagents decreased with the increase of surfactant concentration, and the wetting performance improved; the compound reagents could effectively agglomerate on coal dust and form dense agglomerates to achieve the inhibition effect on coal dust. The change of XTG conformation in the compound solution increases the proportion of hydroxyl adsorption on the surface of coal dust, promotes the formation of mixed micelles, reduces the sinking resistance of bituminous coal particles in the solution, further improves the wetting and agglomeration effect, and realizes the wetting and agglomeration effect on bituminous coal dust.
By building a dust alley physical simulation of industrial experimental bench for dynamic dust reduction experiments, at 1.7 m from the dust production, wind speed 5 m/s, spray pressure 1 MPa, wide angle solid conical nozzle experimental conditions, the compound dust suppressant compared to water, SDBS, XTG monomer increased by 42.85%, 40.26%, 24.17%, respectively, can effectively improve the full dust reduction efficiency, its full dust reduction efficiency was 85.71%. By carrying out field application experiments, the dust reduction efficiency of spraying compound bituminous coal agglomeration dust suppressant is 86.6% higher than when no dust reduction measures are taken, and 62.1% higher than when water spraying dust reduction measures are taken; the respiratory dust concentration can be controlled within 14 mg/m³, with an average concentration of 11.8 mg/m³.

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