在经济全球化与知识经济的背景下，创新能力已成为决定一个企业、一个地区、乃至一个国家社会经济发展水平的主要因素之一，也是决定区域经济增长和区域产业发展的关键因素，创新已成为区域发展的最主要动力之一。陕西省具有较强的教育和科技基础，综合创新能力位居全国第十位左右。但是，在关中、陕北和陕南不同区域是极其不平衡的。正确、客观地揭示和评价陕西省区域创新能力的特征，研究陕西省区域创新能力培育、保持和提升的有效途径，制定科学合理的区域科技创新政策，是陕西省有效发挥科技资源优势，提升区域创新能力，建设创新型陕西，实现由科技大省向科技、经济强省转变而亟待解决的重大战略问题，具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。 本文在总结区域创新能力的相关理论以及国内外研究现状的基础上，依据评价指标体系构建的原则，结合区域创新活动的特点，提出了区域创新能力的评价指标；运用鉴别力分析法对评价指标进行筛选，构建了陕西省区域创新能力评价指标体系；通过对陕西省各个地市的实地调研，系统地分析了陕西省创新能力的现状，剖析了陕西省创新能力发展中存在的主要问题；以陕西省关中、陕北和陕南共10个行政区划为区域，利用2005-2006年的指标数据，运用SPSS15.0统计软件，通过因子分析法分别对10个区域的知识创造、知识流动、企业技术创新、创新环境以及创新的经济绩效五个分项能力和综合创新能力做了定量比较和评价；对综合评价结果进行了聚类分析。辨识了各个地级市区域创新能力的主要特征及其存在问题，提出了陕西省以及关中、陕北和陕南不同区域提高创新能力的对策建议，以期为陕西省区域创新能力的提高提供政策和措施参考。

Economic globalization and knowledge-based economy produce a new request to regional economic development. Innovation has become one of the determinative factors for enterprise, region, and nation’s development. It also has become the key factor of regional economic growth and regional industrial development. innovation has become the engine of local economic growth. Shaanxi Province has stronge educational, scientific and technological base, comprehensive innovation capability ranks about 10th. But, it’s extremely unbalanced among the Center of Shaanxi ,the North of Shaanxi, the south of Shaanxi. Revealing and evaluating regional characteristics of Shaanxi Province regional innovation capacity correctly and objectively, Studying on the regional innovation capacity’evaluation, cultivation, maintenance and effective promotion approach, establishing reasonable regional science and technology innovation policy, exerting its advantages in science and technology resources, enhancing regional innovation capacity, building innovative Shaanxi, is the important strategic issue of realization from rich in science and technology to strongness in science and technology and economy, there are important practical significance and theoretical value. This thesis on the basis of summarization on related theory of regional innovation capacity and research status home and abroad. according to the procedure of constructing evaluation index and considering regional innovation capacity characteristics, constructing the evaluation index system about regional innovation capacity. Use discrimination analysis to choose and optimize the Junior evaluation index system, constructing Shaanxi Province regional innovation capacity evaluation index system. Through on the spot survey of Shaanxi Province, giving a systematic analysis of the innovative capacity status of Shaanxi Province, finger out the principal problems and reasons. Regarding the Center of Shaanxi , the North of Shaanxi, the south of Shaanxi altogether 10 administrative divisions as region.Making use of index data from 2005 to 2006,Using SPSS15.0 statistic software, Taking the 10 regions’ knowledge innovation, knowledge liquidity, enterprise technological innovation, and innovation environment, as well as innovation economic performance, altogether five sub-integrated innovation capacity and comprehensive capacity to do a quantitative comparison and evaluation.Then using cluster analysis to analyze the result, proposing improvement policies and measures especially for Shaanxi Province and the regions, expecting to provide reference laws and policies to the innovation capacity’ improvement .