煤炭资源作为我国的主要能源之一，一直以来都备受社会的普遍关注。可是煤炭工业在促进我国经济快速发展的同时，开采方式的不当和过度开采对地下水环境和资源造成的不可逆转的破坏也是不容忽视的。由于许多的矿区在煤炭开采的过程中没有采取积极有效的措施来保护地下水，导致在地下开采的过程中，不仅会破坏地下水水文地质环境，甚至会引发突水事故。因此，在采煤之前开展地下水环境影响评价显得尤为重要。 本论文以小庄矿井为研究对象，在充分了解评价区域的地理条件、地质条件及水文地质条件的前提下，通过资料收集、水位及水质动态监测、地下水数值模拟等方法，在对小庄井田及其周边含水层的分布、地下水补排泄条件以及地下水环境现状剖析的基础上，运用Visual Modflow软件对地下水流流场及水质进行的模拟预测，结果表明，小庄矿井开采产生的导水裂隙带在3盘区开采时会局部导通安定组隔水层，从而造成洛河宜君组含水层的破坏，在采取保水采煤措施后，可以有效地保护安定组隔水层，安定组以上含水层将不会直接受采煤导水裂缝的影响。通过对潜水含水层的水位预测得知，开采结束时，七盘区的水位降深最大，降幅为0.097m，故采煤对潜水含水层的水位影响十分小；通过对白垩系承压含水层的水位预测得知，在未开采与开采情况下白垩系含水层水位都有一定程度的下降，开采结束时，水位降深最大，降幅为0.85m，因此也可认为，采煤不会对白垩系含水层造成大的影响；溶质运移模拟在事故状态下，各污染因子在水平方向上主要向西南方向迁移扩散，随着开采工作的推进，各污染因子的中心点浓度在一定时间内会超过标准限值，但超标范围及运移距离有限。因此对污废水处理站基础层进行防渗处理后，可有效防止污废水的入渗，不会给地下水环境带来较大的影响。

As one of the main coal resources of China's energy, it has received a widespread concern in society. But the coal industry in the promotion of China's rapid economic development, improper and irreversible overexploitation of groundwater resources and environmental damage caused by mining methods can not be ignored. Since many of the mines did not take active and effective measures in the process of coal mining to the protection of groundwater, resulting in the underground mining process, not only will destroy the hydrogeological environment, and even lead to water inrush. Therefore, in the mining of groundwater conducted preliminary environmental impact assessment is particularly important. In this paper,Xiaozhuang mine field for the study, under the premise of full understanding of the assessment area geographical conditions, geological conditions and hydrogeological conditions, through data collection, dynamic water level and water quality monitoring, groundwater numerical simulation methods, in small Chengzhuang its underlying distribution surrounding aquifer of groundwater discharge conditions and the status of groundwater environmental analysis on the use of simulation software to predict Visual Modflow groundwater flow field and water quality, the results show that the small village of mining produced by water flowing fractured zone will be turned on local mining district in three groups settled impermeable layer, thereby causing damage Yijun group Luohe aquifers, coal mining under water after taking measures, can effectively protect the stability group impermeable layer above the aqueous stable group layer will not be directly affected by the mining of water cracks. Through the unconfined aquifer water level forecast that, at the end of mining, water level drawdown zone seven largest decline of 0.097m, so the water level on mining unconfined aquifer is very small; by Cretaceous confined aquifer the prediction that the water level in the lower Cretaceous aquifer mining and mining is not the case the water level has decreased to some extent, at the end of mining, maximum drawdown, a decline of 0.85m, it can also be considered, coal mining will not chalk aquifer major impact; solute transport modeling in the accident state, each pollution factor in the horizontal direction of the main dispersal southwest direction, with the advance of mining work, the center point of the concentration of each pollution factors within a certain time more than the standard limit, but exceeding the range and migration distance is limited. So the sewage wastewater treatment plant on the base layer impermeable treatment, can effectively prevent the infiltration of sewage and waste, will not bring greater impact to the groundwater environment.