洪涝灾害作为城市面临的最主要自然灾害之一，给城市安全带来了巨大风险。灾情数据，作为评估洪涝灾害风险等级的重要依据，在灾害预警、风险评估以及灾后恢复等多个环节中扮演着举足轻重的角色。但当前研究中多将灾情数据用于评估结果验证，而忽略了灾情数据与灾害风险之间相互依存相互影响的动态关系。因此，本文以西安市为研究对象，将灾情数据作为关键要素融入到风险评估指标体系中，以期对西安市洪涝灾害风险进行更为精准和细致的评估与区划。

本文针对西安市洪涝灾害特点，选取合适指标构建了风险评估体系，运用模糊综合评价法和主客观组合赋权法建立了风险评估模型，并绘制了风险区划地图。通过文献综述法和词频分析，从自然和社会两个维度出发，构建了一个涵盖危险性、洪涝灾情、脆弱性等五个方面的风险评估体系；采用RS、GIS等技术手段实现数据的可视化表达，借助主客观赋权相结合的方法计算出指标权重，基于模糊综合评价法的理论构建了风险评估模型；应用模糊综合叠加工具，绘制了基于区（县）域尺度下西安市洪涝灾害影响因子及综合风险等级区划。

研究结果表明，西安市洪涝灾害风险等级以中风险区为主，整体呈现“中间低，东西高”的分布特点。基于栅格尺度下，高风险区主要分布在蓝田县北部，这主要是由于该区域具有较高的危险性和脆弱性且易发生洪涝灾害而防灾减灾能力较弱；相较之下，中心区域洪涝灾害风险普遍偏低，这是由于该区域经济发展水平高，防灾减灾能力强且危险性相对较低。基于区（县）域尺度下，鄠邑区、蓝田县和阎良区属于洪涝灾害高风险区，周至县、临潼区、长安区为较高风险，高陵区、未央区、雁塔区为中风险区，灞桥区、碑林区、莲湖区、新城区为低风险区。在极端暴雨条件下，高、较高风险区极有可能发生洪涝灾害，应作为西安市洪涝灾害的重点防范区域。

Flood disasters, as one of the most significant natural calamities faced by cities, pose huge risks to urban safety. As an important basis for assessing the risk level of flood disasters, disaster data plays an important role in many links such as disaster warning, risk assessment and post-disaster recovery. However, current research mostly uses disaster data to verify assessment results, while ignoring the dynamic relationship of mutual dependence and mutual influence between disaster data and disaster risks. Therefore, this paper takes Xi’an as the research object and integrates disaster data as a key element into the risk assessment index system, so as to carry out a more accurate and detailed assessment and zoning of flood disaster risk in Xi’an .

According to the characteristics of flood disaster in Xi’an , this paper selects appropriate indicators to construct a risk assessment system, uses fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and subjective and objective combined weighting method to establish a risk assessment model, and draws a risk zoning map. Through literature review and word frequency analysis, a risk assessment system covering five aspects, including danger, flood damage, and vulnerability, was constructed from the two dimensions of nature and society. RS, GIS and other technical means are used to realize the visualization of data, the indicator weights are calculated by combining subjective and objective weighting methods, and a risk assessment model is constructed based on the theory of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The fuzzy comprehensive overlay tool was used to draw the influencing factors and comprehensive risk level zoning of flood disasters in Xi’an based on the county scale.

The results show that the flood disaster risk level in Xi’an is mainly in medium-risk areas, and the overall distribution characteristics are "low in the middle and high on the east and west". Based on the grid scale, the high-risk area is mainly distributed in the northern part of Lantian County. This is mainly because the area is highly dangerous and vulnerable and prone to floods and waterlogging, but has weak disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. In contrast, the flood risk in the central region is generally low, which is due to the high level of economic development, strong disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities and relatively low risk in the region. Based on the county scale, Huyi District, Lantian County and Yanliang District are high-risk areas for flood disasters, Zhouzhi County, Lintong District and Chang'an District are relatively high-risk areas, Gaoling District, Weiyang District and Yanta District are medium-risk areas, and Baqiao District, Beilin District, Lianhu District and Xincheng District are low-risk areas. Under extreme rainstorm conditions, high- and relatively high-risk areas are very likely to experience flood disasters and should be regarded as key areas for flood prevention in Xi’an.

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