孟巴矿矿井地质采矿条件复杂特殊，矿井属于水害、冲击地压、自燃发火等多种灾害并存的井工开采类型。在近地表赋存有100～120m厚富含水砂层UDT，被誉为孟加拉国的地下水库，煤层开采一旦破坏主要隔水层LDT，导通UDT含水层，其形成的水害对于矿井是致命的，因此，保护隔水层的完整性，提高富含水砂层下的安全开采可靠性，降低冲击矿压威胁程度已经成为孟巴矿安全生产亟待解决的科学问题。通过理论分析、计算机数值模拟、物理相似实验模拟和地表钻孔观测覆岩结构破坏特征等方法，开展了基于保护LDT隔水层和分析复合关键层致灾与控灾条件下的孟巴矿厚煤层分层协调减灾开采技术研究，并取得以下主要成果：

（1）以孟巴矿隔水关键层和复合关键层的赋存特征为依据，研究了隔水关键层防水、阻水性能和复合关键层对覆岩结构的控制作用，通过分析矿井水文地质、地层结构特征和致灾、控灾条件，揭示了煤层开采对隔水关键层的影响因素和复合关键层稳定性对顶板动力灾害、水害防治的影响，分析了隔水关键层破坏渗漏性和复合关键层断裂强冲击性的致灾条件，提出了应用分层协调开采保护隔水关键层和利用复合关键层的控灾条件降低顶板动力灾害强度的减灾开采方法。

（2）运用了物理相似模拟实验和UDEC5.0数值模拟计算，通过比较厚煤层不同分层开采导裂带发育高度和裂采比的差异性，结合不同分层覆岩移动破坏钻孔探测成果分析，揭示了厚煤层多分层开采覆岩导水裂隙带发育规律，构建了导水裂隙带发育高度预计模型。

（3）通过限高开采达到降低顶板灾害强度，揭示了厚煤层开采覆岩复合关键层结构移动破坏失稳演化机理。基于采动覆岩运移规律，分析了不同分层开采高度复合关键层覆岩破断前后力学过程，采用突变理论建立尖点突变模型，通过对覆岩复合关键层失稳破断进行力学分析，给出了复合关键层结构稳定性的判定条件，提出了运用首分层限高开采实现顶板冲击能量分次释放的控灾方法；运用UDEC5.0离散元软件分析了不同开采高度对上覆复合关键层结构破坏演化规律，随着开采高度增加，复合关键层的破坏范围也随着增加，当复合关键层失稳破断，覆岩结构形式由隔水-复合关键层，演化为隔水关键层结构形式，覆岩综合岩性也由中硬转变为软弱。

（4）在分层开采覆岩移动变形分布规律的基础上，构建了针对保护隔水层的分层错距计算模型，确定了厚煤层错距协调减灾开采关键参数。为避免分层开采LDT隔水层拉伸区的叠加破坏，采用分层工作面协调错距布置方式；运用Comsol Multiphysics有限元多物理场耦合软件模拟了不同错距开采煤岩渗流演化规律，验证了采用分层工作面错距协调布置方式能够有效降低开采边界拉伸区对LDT隔水层破坏和隔水性能的影响，同时二分层开采能够有效消除一分层采空区煤柱应力，实现开采区覆岩整体沉降；运用UDEC5.0离散元软件模拟了错距开采覆岩移动破坏和裂缝区演化规律，解释了利用分层工作面错距协调布置能够有效减少开采边界拉伸区对LDT隔水层的拉伸裂缝损伤。

（5）在孟巴矿井特殊地质采矿条件下，进行长达10多年的研究与工程实践，从致灾因果关系分析，通过开采布局、顺序及限高开采等方式，证实了厚煤层分层错距协调布置开采模式能够有效降低开采致灾强度，结合常规的矿井灾害防治措施，实现了复杂条件下多灾害矿井的安全、经济开采模式，创建了厚富含水砂层下厚煤层分层协调减灾开采孟巴模式，为类似条件的矿井灾害防治和安全开采提供科学依据。

The geological mining conditions of the Barapukuria coal mine are complex and special. The mine belongs to the type of well mining where multiple disasters such as water damage, impact ground pressure, and spontaneous combustion coexist. There is 100-120m thick water-rich sand layer UDT near the surface. Which is known as the underground reservoir of Bangladesh. Once coal seam mining destroys the main water barrier LDT and turns on the UDT aquifer. The water damage it forms is fatal to the mine. Therefore, protecting the integrity of the water barrier, improving the reliability of safe mining under the aquifer, and reducing the threat of impact ore pressure has become an urgent scientific problem to be solved for the safe production of the Barapukuria coal mine. The thesis uses theoretical calculations as the basis, physical similarity experimental simulation and computer numerical simulation as the method, on-site data observation as the means, and engineering technology application as the purpose. The research on coordinated disaster reduction mining technology for stratification of thick coal seams in the Barapukuria coal mine based on the protection of the LDT of the main water barrier layer and the stability of the composite key layer was carried out, and the following main results were achieved：

(1) Analyzed the hydrogeological and stratigraphic structure characteristics of the mine, as well as the disaster-causing and disaster-control conditions. Based on the survival characteristics of the key layers of the water barrier layer and the key layers of the structure of the Barapukuria coal mine. The waterproof and water resistance properties of the key layers of the water barrier and the control effect of the key layers of the structure on the overburden structure are studied. The influencing factors of mining on the key layers of the water barrier and the location of the damage are revealed. The stability of the key layers of the structure is affected by the dynamic disasters of the top plate and the prevention and control of water hazards. The damage and leakage of the key layers of the water barrier and the strong impact of the fracture of the key layers of the structure are analyzed. The disaster-causing conditions, disaster-reducing mining methods for protecting the key layers of the water barrier and the idea of using the key layers of the structure to control the dynamic disasters of the mining of the top plate are proposed.

(2) Physical similarity simulation experiments and UDEC5.0 numerical simulation calculations were used to compare the differences in the height and mining ratio of the hydraulic fracture zone among various experimental methods. The experimental results were fitted and analyzed. By comparing and analyzing the results of drilling exploration for the movement and damage of different layered overlying rocks. The development law of hydraulic fracture zones in thick coal seam multi layered mining was revealed. A prediction model for the development height of hydraulic fracture zones was constructed.

(3) The mechanism of the instability evolution of the movement failure of the key layer structure of the overburden structure in the mining of thick coal seams is revealed. The control conditions of the key layer of the structure are proposed to reduce the intensity of the top plate disaster through height-limiting mining. Based on the law of mining overburden movement. The mechanical processes before and after the overburden breaking of the key layers of the structure are analyzed, the destruction morphology of the key layers of the overburden structure of the Barapukuria coal mine is obtained. The mutation theory is used to establish a sharp point mutation model to perform mechanical analysis of the instability and fracture of the key layers of the overburden structure. The conditions for determining the structural stability of the key layers of the structure are given. The first layered high-limit mining is proposed to achieve the disaster control method of the top plate impact energy release in batches. UDEC5.0 discrete element software is used to analyze the structural damage of the key layers of the overburden structure at different mining heights. As the mining height increases, the damage range of the key structural layers also increases. When the key structural layers are unstable and broken. The structural form of overburden has evolved from the water barrier-the key structural layer-to the water barrier key structural form. The comprehensive lithology of overburden has also changed from medium-hard to weak rock formations.

(4) The key parameters for coordinated disaster reduction mining of thick coal seams at staggered distances have been determined. The application is based on the law of movement deformation distribution of mining overburden. The theoretical calculation formula of layered misalignment for the protection of the water barrier layer is established. In order to avoid the superposition and destruction of the stretching area of the layered mining LDT water barrier layer. The coordinated misalignment arrangement of the layered work surface provides a theoretical basis. The use of Comsol multiphysics finite element multiphysics coupling software simulates the evolution law of coal and rock seepage from different misalignment mining. Verifies that the use of layered work surface misalignment coordinated arrangement can effectively reduce the impact of the mining boundary stretching area on LDT damage and water isolation performance. While two-layer mining can effectively eliminate the stress of the coal column in a layered goaf area. To achieve the overall sedimentation of overburden in the mining area; using UDEC5.0 discrete element software to simulate the movement failure of overburden and the evolution law of the crack area in wrong-distance mining. It explains the coordinated arrangement of the layered working surface at wrong distances. Which can effectively reduce the tensile crack damage of the LDT water barrier in the stretching area of the mining boundary.

(5) Under the special geological and mining conditions of the Barapukuria coal mine. Over 10 years of research and engineering practice have been conducted. From the analysis of the causal relationship between disasters. Through mining layout, sequence, and height limit mining. It has been confirmed that the coordinated arrangement of thick coal seam layering and staggered mining mode can effectively reduce the intensity of mining disasters. Combined with conventional mine disaster prevention and control measures. The safe and economic mining mode of multi disaster mines under complex conditions has been achieved. We have created a Mengba model for coordinated disaster reduction and mining of thick coal seams under thick water rich sand layers, provided scientific basis for disaster prevention and safe mining in mines with similar conditions.

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