随着科技进步，煤矿基本实现自动化，高强度开采高瓦斯含量厚煤层也以常态出现，高强度开采导致本煤层充分卸压，导致瓦斯大量解吸成游离瓦斯，升浮-扩散到生产工作面、采空区以及隅角位置，造成部分区域瓦斯富集，瓦斯浓度超限，对生产工作面煤矿工人生命安全造成严重威胁。因此，通过研究分析煤层在采动后覆岩裂隙演化特征和卸压瓦斯运移机理并提出相应的治理措施，能够为煤矿安全生产提供积极的安全保障，并具有较高的经济、社会效益，从而达到煤及伴生资源安全、绿色和科学共采。为了科学、详细的研究分析厚煤层采动覆岩裂隙发育规律、裂隙场边界范围以及高浓卸压瓦斯在采动覆岩裂隙场富集特征，本文以玉华煤矿2407工作面为试验对象，依据经典的采动覆岩裂隙场理论及卸压瓦斯运移机理，采用高精度微震监测技术以及多功能的智能钻孔探测等方法，在现场对玉华煤矿厚煤层强采动覆岩卸压瓦斯富集区进行识别，并对其进行了效果检验。本文主要研究内容及成果如下：

（1）根据理论分析，初步确定了厚煤层采动裂隙场的三维空间模型，分析了采空区瓦斯来源，确定了厚煤层采动裂隙场中卸压瓦斯的运移形态，明确了卸压瓦斯在裂隙场中富集特征为：卸压瓦斯扩散流动、卸压瓦斯纵向扩散升浮和水平瓦斯富集。

（2）建立了厚煤层采动覆岩裂隙场。确定了裂隙场发育宽度、走向长度以及发育高度。优化了采场走向分区理论模型。在垂直方向上，利用微震表征覆岩裂隙带高度为85~105m。研究了采动覆岩裂隙周期演化机理、微震事件的空间动态演化特征，验证了试验工作面回风侧覆岩裂隙周期破断规律，并确定了冒落带高度范围19.7~24m。

（3）优化拓展了厚煤层采动裂隙场中卸压瓦斯富集规律，将厚煤层采动裂隙场瓦斯富集区域可分为：瓦斯扩散流动区、竖向瓦斯升浮区和高浓瓦斯富集区。确定了卸压瓦斯富集区钻孔判别原则，构建了钻孔探测方案。沿着走向来看，回风侧卸压瓦斯经过扩散-升浮-富集到裂隙场中，具有滞后性，随采动影响在探测期间第一次周期来压步距内扩散升浮基本在瓦斯流动扩散区，第二次周期来压步距内，卸压瓦斯运移富集，瓦斯浓度增大比较明显。

（4）根据识别的高浓瓦斯富集区，指导了现场高位走向大直径钻孔抽采瓦斯工程实践。工作面及回风瓦斯治理效果极佳，浓度均低于0.5%，保障了工作面安全高效的煤与瓦斯抽采。

通过现场效果检验，研究结果为高浓瓦斯抽采钻孔终孔的确定提供有效的理论支持，并可以有效解决瓦斯涌出严重的问题。有利于井下工作人员的安全防护、控制工作面上隅角瓦斯浓度、抑制采空区瓦斯涌出以及瓦斯抽采成本的节约都有很大的现实意义。

With the advancement of science and technology, coal mines are basically automated and high intensive mining of thick coal seams with high gas content is the norm. High intensity mining leads to full decompression of this coal seam, resulting in a large amount of gas desorption into free gas, which floats to the production working face, the extraction area and the corner position, causing gas enrichment in some areas and concentration concentration exceeding the limit, posing a serious threat to the lives of coal miners at the production working face. Therefore, by studying and analysing the evolution characteristics of overburden fissures and the mechanism of unloading gas transport after mining and proposing corresponding management measures, we can provide positive safety guarantee for coal mine safety production and have high economic and social benefits, so as to achieve safe, green and scientific co-mining of coal and associated resources. In order to scientifically and thoroughly study and analyse the development pattern of fissures in mining overburden of thick coal seams, the boundary range of fissure field and the enrichment characteristics of highly concentrated unburdened gas in the fissure field of mining overburden, this paper takes 2407 working face of Yuhua coal mine as the test object and identifies the enrichment area of strong mining overburden unburdened gas in thick coal seams by using high-precision micro-vibration monitoring technology and multi-functional intelligent borehole detection equipment in the field, and tests its effect. The main research and results of this paper are as follows:

(1) According to the theoretical analysis, the three-dimensional spatial model of the mining fissure field of thick coal seam was initially determined, the sources of gas in the mining fissure area were analysed, the transport pattern of unloading gas in the mining fissure field of thick coal seam was determined, and the enrichment characteristics of unloading gas in the fissure field were clearly defined as: diffusion flow of unloading gas, longitudinal diffusion and floating of unloading gas and horizontal gas enrichment.

(2) A fissure field in the overburden of the thick coal seam was established. The fissure field development width, strike length and development height were determined. The theoretical model for the strike zoning of the quarry was optimised. In the vertical direction, microseismic characterisation of the overburden fissure zone was used to characterise the height of 85-105 m. The mechanism of fissure cycle evolution in the overburden of mining and the spatial dynamic evolution characteristics of microseismic events were studied to verify the fissure cycle breakage law of the overburden on the return side of the test face, and to determine the height range of the bubble fall zone from 19.7 to 24 m.

(3) The gas enrichment rules in the mining fissure field of thick coal seams are optimised and expanded, and the gas enrichment zones in the mining fissure field of thick coal seams are divided into: gas diffusion and flow zone, vertical gas rise and float zone and high concentration gas enrichment zone. The principles for the identification of boreholes in the unloading gas enrichment zone are determined, and a borehole detection scheme is constructed. Along the direction, the unloading gas on the return wind side is diffused - floated - enriched into the fissure field, with a lag, and with the influence of mining in the first cycle of incoming pressure step during the detection period, the diffusion and floating is basically in the gas flow diffusion zone, and in the second cycle of incoming pressure step, the unloading gas is transported and enriched, and the gas concentration increases more obviously.

(4) Based on the identified highly concentrated gas-rich areas, we guided the practice of gas extraction engineering in large diameter boreholes at high level towards the site. The working face and return wind gas management effect was excellent, with concentrations below 0.5%, ensuring safe and efficient coal and gas extraction from the working face.

The results of the study provide effective theoretical support for the determination of the final hole of the highly concentrated gas extraction borehole and can effectively solve the problem of serious gas outflow. It is of great relevance to the safety of underground staff, the control of gas concentration in the corner of the working face, the suppression of gas gushing from the extraction area and the saving of gas extraction costs.

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