低阶煤水分高、挥发分高、热值低，直接用作燃料燃烧，不仅效率低而且严重污染环境，因此，探索低阶煤的清洁高效利用方法成为急需开展的工作。其中低阶煤的微生物降解技术，由于设备简单、能耗低、污染小，成为低阶煤绿色加工利用的研究热点。
本文采用冷湖游动微菌、格尔木马赛菌和纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌三种细菌对新疆大南湖煤、乌东煤两种低阶煤进行降解实验，并在最佳工艺条件下研究了四种表面活性剂对细菌降解新疆低阶煤的影响。
主要工作如下：
(1)采用单因素实验探究了五种实验因素对三种细菌降解新疆低阶煤的影响
考察了培养方式、粒度、接种量、煤浆浓度和降解时间五种因素对三种细菌降解新疆大南湖煤和乌东煤过程的影响，结果表明五种实验因素对三种细菌降解煤的影响均显著：摇床培养均优于静置培养，粒度区间均为0.075-0.125 mm、煤浆浓度区间均为0.5-0.6 g/50 mL、降解时间区间均为12-15 d、冷湖游动微菌接种量区间为15-20 mL、格尔木马赛菌和纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌接种量区间为1-3 mL。
(2)通过正交实验得到三种细菌降解新疆低阶煤的最佳工艺条件
选取粒度、接种量、煤浆浓度和降解时间四个因素，对三种细菌降解新疆大南湖煤和乌东煤进行四因素四水平的正交实验研究，确定了三种细菌对两种新疆低阶煤的最佳降解工艺条件。格尔木马赛菌是降解大南湖煤的优势菌，最佳工艺条件为：摇床培养，粒度为0.075-0.125 mm，接种量为2 mL，煤浆浓度为0.4 g/50 mL培养基，降解时间为16 d，最大降解率为59.12%。纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌是降解乌东煤的优势菌，最佳工艺条件为：摇床培养，粒度为0.075-0.125 mm，接种量为2 mL，煤浆浓度为0.3 g/50 mL培养基，降解时间为17 d，最大降解率为19.53%。
(3)研究了四种表面活性剂对细菌降解新疆低阶煤的作用
在最佳工艺条件下研究了四种表面活性剂(Triton X-100、Tween 80、SDBS和SDS)对三种细菌降解新疆大南湖煤和乌东煤的影响，结果表明Triton X-100是冷湖游动微菌和格尔木马赛菌降解新疆大南湖煤的优势表面活性剂，在最适浓度下将降解率分别从51.33%和59.12%提高到63.36%和73.08%；SDBS是纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌降解新疆大南湖煤的优势表面活性剂，在最适浓度下将降解率从45.61%提高到57.22%。Triton X-100是三种细菌降解乌东煤的优势表面活性剂，在最适浓度下将降解率分别从15.65%、17.23%和19.53%提高到29.26%、33.37%和37.66%。
(4)分析了三种细菌降解新疆低阶煤的固、液相产物组成及降解机理
两种新疆低阶煤经细菌降解后的剩煤表面沟壑和多孔增加，被降解痕迹明显，碳含量降低，氧和氮含量升高，芳香度降低，平均缩合环升高。细菌断裂了氧化煤分子中的含氧官能团，降解了氧化煤结构中脂肪族侧链或芳香族侧链，提高煤样的稳定性；细菌降解对煤样小孔和微孔的影响最显著，破坏煤的孔隙结构，使煤样平均孔径增大。细菌降解液相产物中主要含有烷烃类、芳香烃类和酯类等小分子物质。根据上述结果分析，推测出细菌降解新疆低阶煤是碱作用机理、螯合物作用机理和酶作用机理等多种机理共同作用的结果。

~Low-rank coal has high moisture, high volatile content, and low calorific value. It is directly used as fuel for combustion, which is not only inefficient but also seriously pollutes the environment. Therefore, exploring the clean and efficient use lor='red'>of low-rank coal has become an urgent work. Among them, the microbial degradation technology lor='red'>of low-rank coal has become a research hotspot in the green processing and utilization lor='red'>of low-rank coal due to its simple equipment, low energy consumption and low pollution.
In this paper, three kinds lor='red'>of bacteria, namely P. lenghuensis, M. golmudensis and L. fusiformis, were used to degrade two kinds lor='red'>of low-rank coals in Xinjiang : Xinjiang Dananhu coal and Wudong coal, and the effects lor='red'>of four surfactants on the degradation lor='red'>of Xinjiang low-rank coal by bacteria were also studied under the optimum conditions.
The main work is as follows:
(1)The influences lor='red'>of five factors on the degradation lor='red'>of Xinjiang low-rank coal by three bacteria were studied through single factor experiments.
The effects lor='red'>of five factors lor='red'>of cultivation method, particle size, inoculation quantity, concentration lor='red'>of coal slurry and degradation time on the degradation lor='red'>of Xinjiang Dananhu coal and Wudong coal by three bacteria were studied. The results showed that the effects lor='red'>of five factors on the degradation lor='red'>of coal by three kinds lor='red'>of bacteria were significant: shaking table culture was better than static culture, the particle size range was 0.075-0.125 mm, the concentration range lor='red'>of coal slurry was 0.5-0.6 g/50 mL, the degradation time range was 12-15 d, the inoculation quantity range lor='red'>of P. lenghuensis was 15-20 mL, the inoculation quantity range lor='red'>of M. golmudensis and L. fusiformis was 1-3 mL.
(2)The optimum degradation conditions lor='red'>of Xinjiang low-rank coal by three bacteria were obtained by orthogonal experiments.
The four factors lor='red'>of particle size, inoculation quantity, coal slurry concentration and degradation time were selected to carry out four-factor and four-level orthogonal experiments on the degradation lor='red'>of Xinjiang Dananhu coal and Wudong coal by three bacteria, and the optimal degradation process conditions lor='red'>of two kinds lor='red'>of Xinjiang low-rank coal by three bacteria were determined. The results showed that M. golmudensis was the dominant bacteria to degrade Dananhu coal, and the the best technological conditions were as follows: shaking table culture, particle size lor='red'>of 0.075-0.125 mm, inoculation quantity lor='red'>of 2 mL, coal slurry concentration lor='red'>of 0.4 g/50 mL medium, degradation time lor='red'>of 16 d, and the maximum degradation rate was 59.12%. The results showed that L. fusiformis was the dominant bacteria to degrade Wudong coal, and the optimal process conditions were as follows: shaking table culture, particle size lor='red'>of 0.075-0.125 mm, inoculation quantity lor='red'>of 2 mL, coal slurry concentration lor='red'>of 0.3 g/50 mL medium, degradation time lor='red'>of 17 d, and the maximum degradation rate was 19.53%.
(3)The effects lor='red'>of four kinds lor='red'>of surfactants on bacterial degradation lor='red'>of Xinjiang low-rank coal were studied.
The effects lor='red'>of four kinds lor='red'>of surfactants (Triton X-100, Tween 80, SDBS and SDS) on the degradation lor='red'>of Xinjiang Dananhu coal and Wudong coal by three kinds lor='red'>of bacteria were studied under the optimal process conditions. The results showed that Triton X-100 was the superior surfactant for the degradation lor='red'>of Xinjiang Dananhu coal by P. lenghuensis and M. golmudensis, At the optimum concentration, the degradation rate increased from 51.33% and 59.12% to 63.36% and 73.08% respectively; SDBS was the dominant surfactant for the degradation lor='red'>of Xinjiang Dananhu coal by L. fusiformis. Under the optimal concentration, the degradation rate increased from 45.61% to 57.22%. Triton X-100 was the dominant surfactant for Wudong coal degradation by three kinds lor='red'>of bacteria. Under the optimal concentration, the degradation rate increased from 15.65%, 17.23% and 19.53% to 29.26%, 33.37% and 37.66% respectively.
(4)The solid and liquid product composition and degradation mechanism lor='red'>of Xinjiang low-rank coal degradation by three kinds lor='red'>of bacteria were analyzed.
The surface ravines and porosity lor='red'>of the residua coal increased after two kinds lor='red'>of Xinjiang low-rank coals were degraded by bacteria, and the traces lor='red'>of degradation were obvious. The carbon content decreased, the oxygen and nitrogen content increased, the aromaticity increased, and the average condensation ring decreased. Bacteria could break the oxygen-containing functional groups in oxidized coal molecules, degrade aliphatic or aromatic side chains in oxidized coal structure, and improve the stability lor='red'>of coal samples; The degradation lor='red'>of bacterial has the most significant effect on the pore and micropore lor='red'>of coal samples, destroying the pore structure lor='red'>of coal, and increasing the average pore size lor='red'>of coal samples. The liquid products lor='red'>of bacterial degradation mainly contain alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters and other small molecules. Based on the analysis lor='red'>of the above results, it is speculated that the degradation lor='red'>of Xinjiang low-rank coal by bacteria is the result lor='red'>of a combination lor='red'>of multiple mechanisms including alkali action mechanism, chelate action mechanism and enzyme action mechanism.

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