全介质超材料可以实现更低的损耗、更高的透射率以及良好的半导体工艺兼容性。这些优势使得全介质超材料在提升传感器灵敏度、增强光电转换效率以及改善光学装置性能等方面有着巨大的应用潜力。研究发现基于连续域束缚态(BIC)的超材料具有超高的品质因数(Q值)。因此，设计支持BIC的全介质超材料，不仅能够有效的避免金属吸收损耗，而且可以通过BIC增强光和物质的相互作用。将所设计的全介质超材料应用到通讯波段以及太赫兹(THz)波段，根据不同波段的电磁特性，在生物和化学传感等领域有潜在的应用前景。本论文通过将BIC理论与全介质超材料相结合，设计了三种全介质超材料传感器，利用有限元方法对全介质超材料的多极子散射能量和模场分布等电磁特性进行了研究。主要研究内容如下：

(1)设计了一种基于裂环谐振器的高Q值太赫兹连续域束缚态全介质超材料传感器。该传感器由排列在正方形单元结构中的裂环谐振器(SRR)周期性阵列组成，其中SRR结构由硅制成，衬底选用二氧化硅。通过改变其中两个SRR之间的距离破坏该全介质超材料结构对称性，获得了由BIC泄漏引起的准连续域束缚态(准BIC)谐振，该全介质超材料传感器的Q值高达2420。通过计算多极子能量散射分布以及模拟该超材料在谐振处的模场图表明该谐振由电四极子激发引起。通过对该超材料的传感性能进行模拟和分析，当待测物折射率在1.00至1.04变化时，传感器的折射率灵敏度为254.8GHz/RIU，并且FOM达到509.6。并且研究了结构参数对谐振频率的影响规律。

(2)设计了一种基于钽酸锂(LiTaO₃)的高Q值太赫兹连续域束缚态全介质超材料生物传感器。该传感器由排列在长方形单元结构中的相连十字周期性阵列组成，其中相连十字由钽酸锂制成，衬底选用二氧化硅。通过改变一侧十字的长度破坏该全介质超材料的结构对称性，获得了准BIC谐振。该全介质超材料传感器的Q值高达1370。通过研究该传感器在谐振频率处的多极子散射能量分布和模场分布，该谐振由电四极子激发引起。针对冠心病标志物甘油三酯(TG)，在亚太赫兹波段其折射率范围为2.08-2.12，所设计超材料谐振频率与折射率呈线性关系，传感器获得了91GHz/RIU的平均折射率灵敏度。

(3)设计了一种基于硒化锑-硅的连续域束缚态可调谐全介质超材料传感器。所提出全介质超材料由两个空心矩形槽的周期性结构组成。其中介质层选用硅，衬底选用二氧化硅。该超材料可以通过改变缝隙之间的间距来激发准BIC共振。基于电磁场的空间分布和感应电流的多极展开，证实了这个准BIC共振是由磁四极子响应引起的。通过在结构上层引入Sb₂Se₃薄膜，设计了Sb₂Se₃-Si全介质超材料，并系统地研究了其调制特性。当Sb₂Se₃从非晶相转换为晶相时，谐振的透过率由0转变为80%，实现了该谐振峰的动态可调。当待测物折射率范围为1.00-1.04时，该传感器的平均折射率灵敏度为130nm/RIU。

综上所述，本论文分别设计了三种不同结构的全介质超材料传感器，并且研究了在太赫兹波段和通讯波段所具有的电磁特性以及传感性能。所设计的结构均激发准BIC谐振使其具有很高的Q值，在气体以及生物传感领域有应用前景。研究结论为研制THz波段以及通讯波段的全介质超材料传感器提供了理论指导。

All-dielectric metamaterials enable lower losses, higher transmittance and good semiconductor process compatibility. These advantages make all-dielectric metamaterials have great potential for application in enhancing the sensitivity of sensors, strengthening the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and improving the performance of optical devices. Metamaterials based on continuous domain bound states (BIC) are found to have ultra-high quality factors (Q-values). Therefore, the design of all-media metamaterials supporting BIC not only effectively avoids metal absorption loss, but also enhances the interaction between light and matter through BIC. The application of the designed fully dielectric metamaterials to the communication band as well as to the terahertz (THz) band, depending on the electromagnetic properties of the different bands, has potential applications in fields such as biological and chemical sensing. In this thesis, three kinds of all-dielectric metamaterial sensors are designed by combining the BIC theory with all-dielectric metamaterials, and electromagnetic properties such as multipole scattering energy and mode field distribution of all-dielectric metamaterials are investigated by using the finite element method. The main research contents are as follows:

(1) A high-Q terahertz continuous-domain bound-state all-dielectric metamaterial sensor based on split-ring resonators has been designed. The sensor consists of a periodic array of split-ring resonators (SRRs) arranged in a square cell structure, where the SRR structure is made of silicon and the substrate is chosen to be silicon dioxide. By changing the distance between two of the SRRs to break the symmetry of this all-dielectric metamaterial structure, a quasi-continuous domain bound state (QBIC) resonance induced by continuum-domain bound state (BIC) leakage is obtained, and the Q value of this all-dielectric metamaterial sensor is as high as 2420. Calculation of the multipole energy scattering distribution and simulation of the mode field diagram of the metamaterial at the resonance indicate that the resonance is induced by electric quadrupole excitation. By simulating and analyzing the sensing performance of the metamaterial, the refractive index sensitivity of the sensor is 254.8 GHz/RIU and the FOM reaches 509.6 when the refractive index of the object to be measured varies from 1.00 to 1.04. The influence of structural parameters on the resonance frequency is also studied.

(2) A high-Q terahertz continuous-domain bound-state fully dielectric metamaterial biosensor based on LiTaO₃ was designed. The sensor consists of a periodic array of interlocking crosses arranged in a rectangular cell structure, where the interlocking crosses are made of LiTaO₃ and the substrate is chosen from silicon dioxide. The QBIC resonance was obtained by breaking the structural symmetry of this all-dielectric metamaterial by changing the length of the cross on one side. The Q value of this all-dielectric metamaterial sensor is as high as 1370. By studying the multipole scattering energy distribution and mode field distribution of this sensor at the resonance frequency, which is caused by electric quadrupole excitation. For triglyceride (TG), a marker of coronary heart disease, its refractive index ranges from 2.08-2.12 in the Asia-Pacific Hertz band, and the resonance frequency of the designed metamaterials is linearly related to the refractive index, and the sensor obtains an average refractive index sensitivity of 91 GHz/RIU.

(3) A continuous-domain bound-state tunable fully dielectric metamaterial sensor based on antimony-silicon selenide is designed. The proposed fully dielectric metamaterial consists of a periodic structure with two hollow rectangular slots. In which silicon is chosen for the dielectric layer and silicon dioxide for the substrate. This metamaterial can excite a QBIC resonance by changing the spacing between the slits. Based on the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field and the multipolar unfolding of the induced current, we confirm that this QBIC resonance is caused by the magnetic quadrupole response. Sb₂Se₃-Si fully dielectric metamaterials were designed by introducing Sb₂Se₃ thin films in the upper layers of the structure, and their modulation properties were systematically investigated. When Sb₂Se₃ is converted from the amorphous phase to the crystalline phase, the transmittance of the resonance is transformed from 0 to 80%, which realizes the dynamic tunability of this resonance peak. The average refractive index sensitivity of this sensor is 130 nm/RIU when the refractive index range of the object to be measured is 1.00-1.04.

In summary, in this thesis, three all-medium metamaterial sensors with different structures are designed, and the electromagnetic properties and sensing performance in terahertz and communication bands are investigated. The designed structures all excited the QBIC resonance to have high Q value, which is promising for gas and biological sensing applications. The conclusions of the study provide theoretical guidance for the development of all-media metamaterial sensors in the THz and communication bands.

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