角质残植煤是以富氢组分角质体为主体的特殊稀缺煤种，对其解离特征、富集规律、分子结构的系统研究对于实现富氢组分含量丰富的煤炭资源清洁加工、高效转化与分质利用方面具有重要意义。本文运用光学显微镜（MSP）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、固态核磁共振波谱（¹³C NMR）、色谱−质谱（GC−MS）、图像识别技术等现代分析测试技术，从宏观、微观、超微、化学等多个维度，深入剖析了我国康滇古陆周围典型角质残植煤中角质体的岩石、生物和化学等三重属性；运用分形几何、颗粒学方法系统研究了角质残植煤中角质体的解离特性；结合溶剂萃取研究了角质残植煤中角质体单组分的小分子组成及其变化规律；通过热解研究了角质残植煤中角质体单组分的热解产物（气、液、固）组成及其演变规律；融合溶剂萃取、波谱分析、结构剥层和分子模拟方法构建了角质残植煤中角质体的化学结构模型，系统分析了不同热演化程度角质体的分子结构差异。

对角质残植煤赋存特征、破碎特征及单组分富集规律研究发现，煤中角质体含量高达70−88%，显微镜下角质体呈褶皱或盘肠状包裹均质镜质体，部分以条带状、细脉状、网状嵌布于镜质组中，少量以浸染状混杂在镜质组中或嵌布于矿物中；角质体最佳解离粒度为0.125−0.074 mm，分选密度为1.07−1.22 g/cm³ ；随着破碎粒度减小，角质体长宽比和凸度减小，球度和分形维数增大；煤阶较高的攀枝花煤中角质体长宽比和凸度较小，而球度和分形维数较大；煤阶较低的禄劝煤中角质体破碎特征与其相反。

对角质体单组分溶剂抽提产物及萃余物研究得知，角质体中小分子主要包括直链烷烃（C₁₂−C₁₈）、芳烃（烷基苯、烷基萘及其衍生物）、酯类化合物、脂肪酸（C₁₆−C₁₈）及酚类化合物；较低煤阶角质体含有较多羧酸类、烷烃，较高煤阶角质体含有较多芳烃、酮及环烷烃；与角质体相比，萃余物中脂肪结构侧链变短、脂肪率降低、芳香度升高、化学结构稳定性降低；萃余物热解产物中缩合芳烃及脂肪烃的相对含量增加，酚类和单环芳烃的相对含量降低，溶剂萃取有利于脂肪烃的产生而不利于轻质芳烃的生成。

对角质体单组分热解产物研究证实，较低煤阶角质体热稳定性较差，烯烃芳构化和苯酚还原剧烈，热解产物中含较多的二氧化碳、甲烷和苯，而较高煤阶角质体的热解产物中含较多的一氧化碳和乙烯；角质体的液态热解产物主要包括苯、烷基苯、烷基萘、烷基酚以及正构烷烃和正构烯烃衍生物，热解芳烃多为1−2环，热解烷烃主要为C₁₀−C₂₀直链烷烃和C₇−C₁₀环烷烃衍生物；热解烷烃和杂原子化合物的相对丰度随热解温度升高而降低，环烷烃和芳烃随温度的升高而增加，而烯烃则随温度的升高先增加后降低。

对角质体单组分和热解残渣结构剥层研究揭示，角质体的芳香结构主要为苯和萘，较高煤阶角质体含有相对丰富的多环芳烃，芳香结构尺寸大，石墨化缺陷低，有序度高，螺旋位错（π−π）的碳结构层丰富；角质体中芳香结构尺寸随温度升高而增加，不同尺寸芳香结构含量随温度演化的拐点不同，苯和萘的演化规律呈增−降−增，而蒽的演化规律与其相反，取向度则呈无序−有序。

对角质体单组分分子结构研究表明，较低煤阶角质体的芳香度较低，脂肪链较长且羧酸和酯含量丰富；角质体在煤化过程中侧链数量增加且变短，羰基含量降低，芳烃含量增加；两种不同煤阶角质体结构模型分子式为C₁₉₅H₂₃₁N₃O₃₂（禄劝角质残植煤中角质体）、C₂₀₅H₂₁₈N₄O₂₅（攀枝花角质残植煤中角质体），对应的分子量为3128.98、3138.00。

Cutinitic liptobiolith is regarded as a special scarce coal with hydrogen-rich cutinite as the main maceral. The systematic study on the dissociation features, enrichment law and molecular structure of cutinite is of great significance for the clean processing, efficient transformation and high value-added utilization of coal resources with richer hydrogen  macerals. The petrological, biological and chemical properties (macro, micro, ultra micro, chemical dimensions, etc) of macerals isolated from cutinitic liptobiolith on the west side of West Sichuan Central Yunnan oldland in China were analyzed by High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹³C NMR), Image recognition technology and so on. The dissociation features of cutinite in cutinitic liptobiolith were systematically studied by means of fractal geometry and powder technology. Combined with solvent extraction and modern testing technology, the small molecular composition and change of cutinite were studied, and the composition and evolution law of pyrolysates were explored. The structural model of cutinite was constructed by combining solvent extraction, pyrolysis, spectroscopy parameters, fringe extraction and molecular simulation, and the structural evolution features of cutinite with different coal-rank were analyzed. This study can improve the systematic cognition of its macromolecular structure and also is one part of a study that seeks to establish new perspectives on the relationships between coal structure and reactivity.

The study on the occurrence characteristics, crushing features and enrichment law of cutinite in cutinitic liptobiolith showed that the content of cutinite can reach 70−88%. Under the microscope, the telocollinites were wrapped with cutinite of the folds and gut shapes. Some cutinites were embedded in vitrinite with the strip, veinlet and network, and a small amount were mixed in vitrinite or embedded in minerals in disseminated form. The optimum dissociation particle size of cuticle was 0.125−0.074 mm, and the separation density of cutinite was 1.07−1.22 g/cm³. With the reduction of particle sizes, the aspect ratio and convexity of cutinite decreased, and the sphericity and fractal dimension increased. The aspect ratio and convexity of cutinite were smaller, while the sphericity and fractal dimension were larger in Panzhihua coal with higher-rank. The properties of cutinite fragmentation in Luquan coal with lower-rank were opposite.

The study of solvent extracts and extraction residues for cutinite illustrated that the small molecules in cutinite mainly included alkanes (C₁₂−C₁₈), aromatics (alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene and their derivatives), esters, fatty acids (C₁₆−C₁₈) and phenols. The lower coal rank cutinite contained more carboxylic acids and alkanes, while the higher coal rank cutinite had more aromatics, ketones and cycloalkanes. Compared with cutinite, the side-chain of aliphatic structure in the residues became shorter, the content of aliphatic carbon decreased, the content of aromatic carbon increased, and the stability of chemical structure decreased. The relative contents of condensed aromatics and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolysates of residue increased, while the relative content of phenols and monocyclic aromatics decreased. Solvent extraction was conducive to the generation of aliphatics but not light aromatics.

The study of pyrolysates for cutinite confirmed that the lower rank cutinite had low thermal stability, strong alkene aromatization and phenol reduction reaction, resulting in more CO₂, CH₄ and C₆H₆ in the pyrolysates, while the higher rank cutinite contained more CO and C₂H₄ in the pyrolysates. The liquid pyrolysates were mainly composed of benzene, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, alkylphenol, phenanthrene and derivatives of n-alkanes and n-alkenes. The aromatic pyrolysates in cutinites were basically 1−2 rings, and the alkane pyrolysates were mainly C₁₀−C₂₀ straight-chain alkane and C₇−C₁₀ cycloalkanes derivatives. The relative abundances of pyrolytic alkanes and heteroatomic compounds decreased with temperature, cycloalkanes and aromatics increased, while alkenes first increased and then decreased.

The research on the structural fringe extraction of cutinite and pyrolysis residues revealed that the aromatic structure of cutinite was mainly benzene and naphthalene. The cutinite in higher rank coal had relatively abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with large aromatic structure size, low graphitization defects, high degree of order and rich carbon structure layer of spiral dislocation (π−π). The inflection points of aromatics with temperature evolution in different sizes were different. The evolution law of benzene and naphthalene increased first and then decreased, while the evolution law of anthracene was opposite, and the orientation degree was disordered first and then ordered.

The research on the molecular structure of cutinite suggested that the lower rank cutinite had less aromatics with longer aliphatic chains and abundant carboxylic acids or esters. The number of aliphatic side-chains increased, aromatic cluster enlarged and the aliphatic side-chains became shorter for cutinite during coalification. The formulas of the two cutinite structure models were C₁₉₅H₂₃₁N₃O₃₂ (cutinite isolated from Luquan area) and C₂₀₅H₂₁₈N₄O₂₅ (cutinite isolated from Panzhihua area), respectively, with corresponding molecular weights of 3128.98 and 3138.00. 

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