煤炭作为我国的支柱能源，带动了我国经济的快速发展，但是采煤活动会对矿井周边土壤造成压占和破坏，其中主要影响是土壤微生物的数量和土壤酶活性的降低，影响农业生产及生态环境。对于此类土地，普遍利用复垦方式加以恢复利用。目前，我国煤矿区土壤复垦率较低，仅为12%，复垦技术还在不断发展中。本文以榆阳煤矿区为例。主要研究了微生物对煤矿区土壤的修复技术，取得的主要成果如下： （1）通过野外调查及实验室分析，对榆阳煤矿区土壤的健康状况进行了诊断；通过2次现场采样和实验室分析，测定榆阳煤矿区土壤肥力指标和酶活性，研究发现，榆阳区煤矿区土壤的全氮为0.097-0.657g/kg、全磷为1.83-6.34mg/kg、速效钾为19.43-21.08mg/kg、有机质为0.39%-0.85%，土壤肥力不足；土壤酶活性较低：土壤脲酶活性为0.045-1.551mg/g，蔗糖酶活性为0.017-2.644 mg/g，过氧化氢酶活性为0.116-1.787ml/(g.h)。土壤肥力不足和土壤酶活性较低是该矿区土壤的主要特点。 （2）本着可行性和经济性原则，对市场的微生物菌剂进行筛选，选择德州元和农业技术开发有限公司生产的“元和绿宝微生物菌剂1+1”（A）和中农绿康（北京）生物技术有限公司生产的“中农绿康微生物菌剂”（B）作为试验菌剂。盆栽试验结果表明：2种微生物菌剂均可以提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性，随着生物菌肥施用量的增加，土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性逐渐增强；当A菌剂浓度为0.3299kg/m³时，该菌剂对植物生长促进的增长率最大，植物地上部分理论鲜重为9.380g；当B菌剂浓度为0.3480kg/m³时，菌剂对植物生长促进的增长率最大，此时植物地上部分理论鲜重为9.183g。

Coal is the most important resource and energy for China. But coal mining will damage the environment and soil around. One of the main damages is the reducing of soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activity. And then the productivity and ecology of the soil was affected. At present, the soil reclamation rate in coal mining area was as low as 12%, and the technology using soil microorganisms for soil reclamation still need to be explored further. The research focused on microorganisms using in soil remediation technology and took YuYang coal mining area as researched area. The achievements are as follow: (1) Though field investigation and laboratory analysis, some physical and chemical properties of tested soil samples in YuYang coal mining area were achieved: total nitrogen is 0.097-0.657g•kg-1, total phosphorus is 1.83-6.34mg•kg-1, rapidly available K is 19.43-21. 08 mg•kg-1, organic matter is 0.39%-0.85%. Some soil enzyme activities were also measured, unease activity 0.045-1.551mg•g-1, invertase activity is 0.017-2.644 mg•g-1, catalase activity is 0.116-1.787ml•(g.h)-1. (2) Based on feasibility and economical efficiency, two kinds of microorganism bacterium agents were chosen for pot experiment. A pot experiment and laboratory analysis was carried out to study the plant growth of added microbial agents (A and B) in soil and its effects on soil enzyme activity. The results showed that unease activity, invertase activity and catalase activity increased with the raise of microbial agents, while the content of A was 0.3299kg•m-³, the plant growth rate was reached the max, the theoretical plant weight was 9.380g. And the same thing did when content of B was 0.3480 kg•m-³. The weight was 9.183g.