我国的煤炭开采量和使用量均居世界前列，但煤炭行业存在事故频发、事故灾害程度大等现状。当事故发生时，井上人员对井下信息不能全面了解，以致救援人员不能准确、及时掌握受灾人员的精确位置，从而造成了大量的财产损失和人员伤亡。因此，建立一个可以实时跟踪井下人员位置信息的安全监控定位系统，具有重大的社会意义和经济价值。 随着射频技术的不断发展，为构建井下人员定位系统提供了强劲有力的技术支持。本文对现有的射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification，RFID）技术、定位技术以及相对较成熟的基于RFID技术的定位系统做了深入的分析和研究，详细介绍了定位系统中涉及的相关技术、工作流程以及定位原理。在此基础上，提出了一套基于RFID的井下人员移动定位跟踪系统的详细设计方案。首先本文分析了传统LANDMARC算法的不足，针对其中不足提出改进算法，改进后的自适应定位算法可自主选择参考范围。然后对定位系统的框架以及布局进行了研究，结合矿井下的结构，给出了阅读器的位置、参考标签位置的最佳放置方式。 在对井下定位系统中关键问题进行研究的基础上，利用MyEclipse开发平台和MySQL数据库技术，采用B/S模式的三层结构模型和模块化设计方法，使用面向对象语言Java及MVC的开发框架，实现了井下人员标签信息的生成、管理；人员定位信息查询；阅读器信息的生成、管理；详细介绍了定位系统中的各个功能模块，给出了各模块的处理设计流程和运行界面。阅读器采集的标签数据以及经过计算的位置数据存放在MySQL数据库中，用户可以通过前台远程访问并查询数据，管理员可以通过后台对数据进行转换和管理，实验系统目前运行稳定。

China's coal production and consumption are ranked among the top of the world, followed by a coal mine safety problem is becoming more and more serious, the status of frequent accidents and disasters happened in the coal industry. When an accident occurred, the underground information can not be fully understood by the ground staff, so that aid workers can not be accurate, timely grasp the personnel's precise location, resulting in a large amount of property loss and casualties. Therefore, to establish a positioning system of rapid reaction underground personnel location information is of great social significance and economic value. With the continuous development of radio frequency identification technology, provides strong technical support to build underground personnel positioning system. In this paper, the existing RFID technology, positioning technology and relatively mature positioning system based on RFID technology to do a thorough analysis and study, the related technology, workflow and positioning principle of positioning system was introduced in detail. On this basis, we propose a set of detailed design RFID-based underground personnel positioning system. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of traditional LANDMARC algorithm, in order to solve the problem and puts forward the improved algorithm, the improved adaptive localization algorithm can choose its own reference. Then the framework and the layout of the positioning system are studied,combined with underground structure, gives the reader, reference tag location optimal placement. On the basis of the research on the key technology in the layout of underground positioning system, with the MyEclipse development platforms and MySQL database technology, the system adopts B/S model of three layer structure model and modular design method, using the object-oriented language Java and the development of the MVC framework, achieve the label information generation and management, personal positioning information query, the reader information generation and management, positioning system was introduced in detail in the various functional modules, each module is given of the process design and operation interface. The user can through the front desk remote access and query data, the administrator can convert and manage data by background.