我国现有的矿产资源开采进度使得采矿工程不断向深部延伸，从而凸显出一系列井下热害问题，然而，矿石开采完毕后形成的巨大地下空区却为深井地热的开采及利用提供了有利条件。为此，基于相变蓄热技术，本研究提出在采空区充填体内预先敷设套管换热器，并利用其环形空间封装相变材料（PCM），在有效提高层状充填体平均储热密度的同时又起到了防止相变材料渗漏的作用。

本文建立了相变充填体多区域耦合传热模型，设计并搭建相变充填体传热模拟实验台验证了模型的合理性。利用FLUENT模拟地热在充填体内的积聚过程，并分析了相变材料、围岩温度、充填体及相变材料蓄热初始温度、采场风流温度及速度和套管换热器结构影响下的充填体蓄热性能变化规律。在此基础上，对非采暖期内实际分层充填体的蓄热过程进行数值模拟，分析其蓄热性能的瞬态特性，并对不同矿山热环境下层状充填体地热储备潜力做出预测。

相变材料对蓄热过程的影响分析表明，在地热积聚过程中，内置的封装相变材料能够引起充填体内部温度场发生波动，这种波动随着相变期的结束而逐渐消失。相变材料还能显著提高充填体的蓄热性能，与普通充填体相比，内置封装相变材料的充填体蓄热速率及蓄热量平均增幅分别为47.83%、8.50%。

矿山热环境影响分析表明，开采深度越大、蓄热初始温度（即采热结束时刻温度）越低、采场风流温度越高、风流速度越小，越有利于地热在相变充填体内的积聚。与围岩温度及蓄热初始温度相比，采场风流的影响较弱。在围岩温度由35℃升高至55℃的过程中，温度每升高5℃，相变充填体蓄热量依次增大34.8%、25.2%、19.9%、16.5%；在蓄热初始温度由15℃升高27℃的过程中，温度每升高3℃，蓄热量依次减小11.1%、12.5%、14.2%、13.2%；在采场风流温度由20℃升高至26℃的过程中，温度每升高3℃，蓄热量依次增大2.9%、2.8%；在采场风流速度由1m/s增大至3m/s的过程中，速度每增大1m/s，蓄热量依次减小2.6%、1.7%。从相变材料封装方式分析，在套管换热器内增设纵翅能加速相变材料熔化，使整个相变期内的液相率增大5.88%，但对蓄热量几乎无明显影响。此外，本文经计算得到在一个非采暖期内的单层相变充填体（15m×3m× 40m）可存储7.31×10⁷kJ地热能，折合2.5吨标准煤，可减少6.5吨二氧化碳排放量。

本论文的研究结果表明可以利用矿山相变充填体的蓄热性能储存相当可观的地热资源，不仅为废弃矿山地热能的提取和利用拓展了思路，同时也为不同矿山热环境下相变充填体地热潜力的预测与研究提供了理论指导与基础数据。

Current mining progress of mineral resources in China makes mining engineering continue to extend to the deep, thus highlighting a series of heat damage problems in underground. However, the huge underground goaf formed after the completion of ore mining provides favorable conditions for the exploitation and utilization of deep geothermal energy. Therefore, based on phase change heat storage technology, an idea of laying tube-in-tube heat exchanger in the backfill body of goaf in advance is proposed, and its annular space is used to encapsulate phase change material (PCM), which can effectively improve the average heat storage density of layered backfill body and prevent the leakage of PCM.

In this paper, a multi region coupled heat transfer model of phase change backfill body was established. An experimental setup of heat transfer for phase change backfill body was designed and built to verify the rationality of the model. The accumulative process of geothermal energy in the backfill body was simulated by FLUENT, and the changeable rules of the heat storage performance for backfill body were analyzed under the influence of the PCM, the temperature of surrounding rock, the initial temperature of backfill body and PCM, the temperature and velocity of the airflow in stope and the structure of tube-in-tube heat exchanger. On this basis, the accumulative process of geothermal energy for the actual layered backfill body in a non heating period was simulated, the transient characteristics of heat storage performance were analyzed, and the geothermal potential of a layered backfill body in different thermal environments was predicted.

The analysis of the influence of PCM on the heat storage process shows that the encapsulated PCM can cause fluctuations in the internal temperature field of backfill body during the process of geothermal accumulation, and the fluctuations gradually disappear with the end of the phase change period. The encapsulated PCM can significantly improve the heat storage performance of the backfill body, compared with the ordinary backfill body, the heat storage rate and heat storage capacity of the backfill body with encapsulated PCM increase by 47.83% and 8.50% respectively.

The analysis of mine thermal environment impact shows that the higher the mining depth, the lower the initial temperature of heat storage (i.e. the lower the temperature at the end of heat release), the higher the temperature and the smaller the velocity of airflow in stope, the more favorable the accumulation of geothermal energy in the phase change backfill body. Compared with the temperature of surrounding rock and the initial temperature of heat storage, the influence of airflow is weaker. When the temperature of surrounding rock rises from 35 ℃ to 55 ℃, the heat storage capacity of phase change backfill body increases by 34.8%, 25.2%, 19.9% and 16.5% successively for every 5 ℃ rise in temperature. When the initial temperature of heat storage rises from 15 ℃ to 27 ℃, the heat storage capacity decreases by 11.1%, 12.5%, 14.2% and 13.2% successively for every 3 ℃ rise in temperature. When the temperature of airflow rises from 20 ℃ to 26 ℃, the heat storage capacity increases by 2.9% and 2.8% successively for every 3 ℃ rise in temperature. When the velocity of airflow increases from 1 m/s to 3 m/s, the heat storage capacity decreases by 2.6% and 1.7% successively for every 1 m/s increase in velocity. According to the packaging method of PCM, adding longitudinal fins in the tube-in-tube heat exchanger can accelerate the melting of PCM, and increase the liquid fraction by 5.88% in the whole phase transition period, but it has little effect on the heat storage capacity. In addition, it is calculated that a layered phase change backfill body (15 m × 3 m × 40 m) can store 7.31×10⁷ kJ of geothermal energy in a non heating period, which is equivalent to 2.5 t of standard coal and can reduce 6.5 t of carbon dioxide emissions.

The research results show that considerable geothermal resources can be stored by using the heat storage performance of phase change backfill in mines, which not only expands the ideas for the extraction and utilization of geothermal energy in abandoned mines, but also provides theoretical guidance and basic data for the prediction and research of geothermal potential of phase change backfill in different mine thermal environments.

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