近年来由电气故障引发的火灾占火灾总数的1/3，通电导线短路故障产生的迸溅熔珠易引燃建筑外墙保温材料造成城市高层住宅火灾，严重威胁人民的生命财产安全。本文实验研究低密度建筑外墙保温材料聚苯乙烯的引燃和燃烧过程中的热解动力学特性；模拟短路故障产生的迸溅熔珠引燃建筑外墙保温材料聚苯乙烯的动态过程，观测熔珠引燃聚苯乙烯不同的实验现象及行为；分析不同输出电流下熔珠直径和数量的分布规律；通过量化电弧能量，判断熔珠的引燃聚苯乙烯的能力，并探究熔珠直径和温度对引燃能力的影响规律；利用COMSOL数值模拟，明晰不同引燃现象的发生机制；最终总结分析短路电弧迸溅熔珠引燃建筑外墙保温材料聚苯乙烯的特征规律。初步得出以下研究结果：

以挤塑型聚苯乙烯泡沫作为典型建筑外墙保温材料，使用非等温热重法研究其引燃和燃烧过程中的热解动力学特性。实验表明聚苯乙烯的热解反应经历四个阶段：第一个阶段反应温度为390~560K，其失重率小于5%；第二阶段温度在560~825K区间内，该阶段失重明显，约占总失重的95%，热解反应主要发生在这一阶段。第三阶段在706~950K附近，为缓慢失重阶段；最后一阶段在950~1703K，热解基本结束。DSC曲线在612K附近有一个较大的放热峰。基于固体材料的热解失重曲线，采用Friedman法计算出聚苯乙烯泡沫在空气气氛条件下的表观活化能平均值为193.63kJ·mol^-1、lnA平均值为32.67s^-1，确定最概然机理函数为三维扩散D-J3。

采用“电气火灾故障模拟制备装置”进行实验，模拟短路电弧迸溅熔珠引燃聚苯乙烯的全过程。实验结果表明，输出电流的增大使熔珠的数量呈指数增长；通过观测和对比多组熔珠的形态特征发现：发生粘连的熔珠更容易引燃聚苯乙烯；基于高速摄像机记录的熔珠着床引燃阶段，获得了熔珠的不同引燃现象（引燃、不燃）和不同引燃行为（滚动式引燃、嵌入式引燃），同时观测到240A电流下的稳定燃烧火焰相较于160A持续时间更长，火焰高度和宽度也更大。

建立了迸溅熔珠引燃聚苯乙烯泡沫的临界条件，模型初步预测了理想情况下熔珠对聚苯乙烯的引燃规律。通过量化短路故障电弧的能量，确定熔珠引燃边界方程，基于引燃概率计算将熔珠引燃结果分为引燃区域和不引燃区域，其中P_ig=5~95%区间定义为引燃转换区域；分析可得直径在(1, 3)mm的熔珠是决定引燃结果的关键因素，熔珠直径和初始温度对其体积能具有直接影响，在其作为先导引燃源时的引燃聚苯乙烯泡沫的最低初始温度约为1375K。实验研究表明在引燃转换区内（P_ig=5~95%），无论熔珠是否引发引燃，燃料床质量消耗率基本稳定在最小质量消耗率的两倍，因此熔珠对燃料长的直接的连续接触是影响其质量损失的关键因素。

基于迸溅熔珠引燃聚苯乙烯的动态过程和理论研究分析，揭示迸溅熔珠引燃聚苯乙烯的机理。熔珠引燃聚苯乙烯的过程是燃料床热解产生的气体和周围空气的混合时间，与熔珠在燃料床表面的停留时间相互竞争的结果。在这个过程中，熔珠不仅作为加热源，同时也可充当先导引燃源。当熔珠作为先导引燃源在材料表面滚动，引燃则是熔珠引燃聚苯乙烯的引燃时间（t_ig）与熔珠在材料表面滞留时间（t_r）相互竞争的结果。

根据迸溅熔珠引燃聚苯乙烯的实验现象，建立迸溅熔珠引燃聚苯乙烯的物理模型。通过数值模拟获得熔珠引燃过程中高温点和最大热释放速率的时变规律，确定了不同引燃现象发生的不燃、不稳定引燃、引燃三种引燃机制，与实验获得的熔珠临界引燃条件有较好的一致性。

论文研究将为电气火灾现场物证的早期鉴定提供理论基础和方法支撑，提高火灾研究调查工作的精确性与科学性。

In recent years, fires caused by electrical faults account for 1/3 of the total number of fires. Splashing beads caused by short-circuit faults of energized conductors can easily ignite building exterior wall insulation materials and cause urban high-rise residential fires, which seriously threaten people 's lives and property safety. In this paper, the pyrolysis kinetic characteristics of polystyrene in the ignition and combustion process of low density building exterior wall insulation material were studied experimentally. The dynamic process of splashing molten beads igniting polystyrene, an insulation material for building exterior walls, is simulated, and different experimental phenomena and behaviors of molten beads igniting polystyrene are observed. The distribution of bead diameter and number under different output currents is analyzed. By quantifying the arc energy, the ability of the molten bead to ignite polystyrene was judged, and the influence of the temperature of the molten bead on the ignition ability was explored. The mechanism of different ignition phenomena was clarified by COMSOL numerical simulation. Finally, the mechanism of short-circuit arc splashing molten beads igniting polystyrene, an external wall insulation material, was analyzed. The preliminary results are as follows :

Taking extruded polystyrene foam as a typical building exterior wall insulation material, the non-isothermal thermogravimetric method was used to study the pyrolysis kinetic characteristics during ignition and combustion. The experiment shows that the pyrolysis reaction of polystyrene goes through four stages : the first stage reaction temperature is 390 ~ 560K, and the weight loss rate is less than 5 % ; the temperature of the second stage is in the range of 560 ~ 825 K. The weight loss of this stage is obvious, accounting for about 95 % of the total weight loss. The third stage is near 706 ~ 950K, which is the slow weight loss stage. The last stage of 950 ~ 1703K pyrolysis is basically over. The DSC curve has a large exothermic peak near 612K. Based on the pyrolysis weight loss curve of solid materials, the average apparent activation energy of extruded polystyrene foam under air atmosphere is 193.63 kJ · mol^-1 and the average lnA is 32.67 s^-1 calculated by Friedman method. The most probable mechanism function is three-dimensional diffusion D-J3.

The whole process of short-circuit arc splashing molten beads to ignite polystyrene was experimentally simulated by ' electrical fire fault simulation preparation device '. The experimental results show that the number of molten beads increases exponentially with the increase of output current. By observing and comparing the morphological characteristics of multiple groups of molten beads, it is found that the adherent molten beads are more likely to ignite polystyrene ; based on the igniting stage of molten bead implantation recorded by high-speed camera, different igniting phenomena ( igniting, non-igniting ) and different igniting behaviors ( rolling igniting, embedded igniting ) of molten bead were obtained. At the same time, it was observed that the stable combustion flame at 240 A current lasted longer than that at 160 A, and the flame height and width were also larger.

The critical conditions for the ignition of polystyrene foam by splashing molten beads were established. The model preliminarily predicted the ignition law of polystyrene by molten beads under ideal conditions. By quantifying the energy of short-circuit fault arc, the ignition boundary equation of molten bead is determined. Based on the calculation of ignition probability, the ignition results of molten bead are divided into ignition region and non-ignition region, where P_ig = 5 ~ 95 % is defined as ignition conversion region. The diameter of ( 1,3 ) mm molten beads is the key factor to determine the ignition results. The diameter of molten beads and the initial temperature have a direct effect on the volume energy. When it is used as the pilot ignition source, the minimum temperature for igniting polystyrene foam is about 1375 K. Experimental studies have shown that in the ignition transition zone ( P_ig = 5 ~ 95 % ), the mass consumption rate of the fuel bed is basically stable at twice the minimum mass consumption rate regardless of whether the molten beads cause ignition. Therefore, the direct continuous contact of the molten beads to the polystyrene fuel bed is very important to affect its mass loss.

Based on the dynamic process and theoretical analysis of polystyrene ignited by molten beads, the mechanism of polystyrene ignited by splashing molten beads was revealed. The process of molten bead igniting polystyrene is the result of the competition between the mixing time of the gas produced by the pyrolysis of the fuel bed and the surrounding air and the residence time of the molten bead on the surface of the fuel bed. In this process, the molten bead not only acts as a heating source, but also acts as a pilot ignition source. When the molten bead acts as a pilot ignition source to roll on the surface of the material, the material is ignited due to the competition between the ignition time ( t_ig ) of the molten bead igniting polystyrene and the residence time ( t_r ) of the molten bead on the surface of the material.

According to the experimental phenomenon of molten bead igniting polystyrene, the physical model of molten bead igniting polystyrene was established. The time-varying laws of the high temperature point and the maximum heat release rate of the molten beads are obtained by numerical simulation. The three ignition mechanisms of non-ignition, unstable ignition and ignition of different ignition phenomena are determined, which are in good agreement with the critical ignition conditions of the molten beads obtained by experiments.

The research of this paper will provide theoretical basis and method support for the early identification of electrical fire scene evidence, and improve the accuracy and scientificity of fire research and investigation.

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