煤自燃问题在煤炭的开采与运输过程中频繁发生，极大地阻碍了煤炭行业的可持续发展。煤炭在敞车载运过程中发生自燃，不仅影响铁路运输正常秩序，甚至危及工作人员的生命安全。为此，本论文针对煤炭敞车载运时高温蔓延问题，搭建相似模拟装置，开展了表面横向风流对煤体内高温的蔓延以及气体分布影响规律的研究，对敞车载运煤炭火灾的预防和治理提供了一定的理论依据。

       本文依据相似原理，自主设计了敞车载运高温演化模拟实验装置，选取易自燃煤样为研究对象。在静态无风与表面横向风流（1m/s和2m/s）条件下，模拟了箱体中出现300℃的高温区域时，煤体内部温度与气体的动态分布规律。结果表明，表面横向风流加快了高温在煤体中横向与纵向的蔓延速度，风流1m/s高温向下蔓延的时间提前了0.3倍，风流2m/s提前了0.5倍。无风流条件下，松散煤体内部的温度最终稳定在420±20℃；在风流影响下，箱体内部煤火区域的温度升高了120±20℃。无风流实验过程中，受空隙以及传热等因素影响，煤体内部高温向下蔓延呈非线性移动规律；受表面横向风流的影响，煤体内部高温点由中部向风流方向发生移动。

       通过分析煤体内部气体的分布特征发现，表面横向风流加快了煤体内部O₂的消耗速度，缩短了CO与CO₂气体达到峰值的时间。当表面温度变化较小时，表层CO与CO₂气体在一定范围内波动，风流越大，波动范围越高；无风流实验表层CO与CO₂浓度的波动范围为0.25~0.35%，此时箱中已经大范围出现400℃以上的煤火区域。箱体内部O₂分布规律与煤体温度变化趋势相反，煤体内部产生的气体受热浮力与热扩散的影响会向上层煤样移动，导致上层气体浓度较高。

       Coal spontaneous combustion occurs frequently in the process of coal mining and transportation, which greatly hinders the sustainable development of the coal industry. The spontaneous combustion of coal in the process of open-vehicle transportation not only affects the normal order of railway transportation, but even endangers the safety of workers. Therefore, in order to study the problem of high temperature spread during open-vehicle transportation of coal in this paper, a similar simulation device is built, and the research on the influence of surface transverse air flow on the spread of high temperature in coal and gas distribution is carried out, which provides a certain theoretical basis for the prevention and control of coal fires during open-vehicle transportation.

       Based on the similar principle, this paper independently designs a high-temperature evolution simulation experimental device for open-vehicle transportation, and selects the coal sample that is easy to spontaneously combust as the research object. Under the condition of static no wind and surface transverse wind flow (1m/s and 2m/s), the dynamic distribution law of the temperature and gas inside the coal body when the high temperature area of 300°C appears in the box is simulated. The results show that the lateral wind flow on the surface accelerates the horizontal and vertical spread of high temperature in the coal body, the time for the downward spread of high temperature in the wind flow 1m/s experiment is 0.3 times earlier, and the wind flow 2m/s is 0.5 times earlier.Under the condition of no wind flow, the temperature inside the loose coal body is finally stabilized at 420±20℃; under the influence of wind flow, the temperature of the coal fire area inside the box increases by 120±20℃.During the no-air flow experiment, affected by factors such as voids and heat transfer, the high temperature inside the coal body spreads downward in a nonlinear movement law. The high temperature point inside the coal body moves from the middle to the direction of the wind flow by the effect of lateral wind flow on the surface.

       By analyzing the distribution characteristics of the gas inside the coal body, it is found that the surface transverse air flow accelerates the consumption of O₂ inside the coal body and shortens the time for CO and CO₂ to reach their peaks. When the surface temperature change is small, the surface CO and CO₂ gases fluctuate within a certain range, and the greater the wind flow, the higher the fluctuation range. Meanwhile, the fluctuation range of surface CO and CO₂ concentrations in the no-wind experiment was 0.25 to 0.35%, and the coal fire area above 400°C has appeared in a large area in the box. The distribution law of O₂ inside the box is opposite to the change trend of coal temperature. The gas generated inside the coal will move to the upper seam coal sample under the influence of thermal buoyancy and thermal diffusion, resulting in a higher gas concentration in the upper layer.

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