煤炭能源的安全高效开采与环境保护是西部矿区普遍面临的问题。新疆赋存大量的急倾斜特厚煤层，大段高水平分段综放开采中导致动力学灾害频发，研究揭示急倾斜煤层顶板动力学失稳致灾规律是实现灾害控制与安全开采的前提与基础。 论文以乌鲁木齐矿区乌东煤矿为工程背景，以急倾斜煤层大段高综放面顶板失稳致灾规律为目标，采用现场调查、理论分析、物理模型实验、数值计算和现场应用等方法，开展了急倾斜煤层大段高综放面顶板失稳致灾规律及控制研究。通过工程调查与理论分析，较全面地分析了煤岩层赋存特点、煤岩体空间分布特征、致灾因素等指标；构建了物理相似模拟实验，揭示顶板扰动随时间变化演化特征及致灾特点；通过三维有限差分数值计算，对比分析了煤岩应力随时间与开采深度变化的分布特征及和地表沉降的前后变化规律。考虑开采技术条件和尺度效应，优化了充填控灾方案，采用了地质雷达对顶板状态分析与效果评价。应用实践表明：充填材料与顶板垮落融合，顶板大幅度垮落明显降低。采空区充填体和破碎顶板可随着顶煤的放出而垮落，覆岩(层)稳定性显著提高。 本研究对急倾斜煤层大段高综放工作面条件下的顶板失稳致灾规律及地表充填控灾技术研究具有理论借鉴和指导意义。

The safety and efficiency of mining and the environmental protection of coal energy are common concerns in western mining area. There are large numbers of extremely steep and thick coal seams in Xinjiang, the most northwest province in China. The research on the roof of fully-mechanized face of large section instability is a major factor to realize disaster control and safety mining. Focusing on disaster of roof of fully-mechanized face of large section at extremely steep and thick coal seams, this thesis analyzes the characteristics of disasters in overlying strata and adopts surface filling to control disasters at extremely steep and thick coal seams. By the application of engineering investigation, this thesis has a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of coal strata occurrence, factors of spatial distribution characteristics of coal rock and indexs of disasters. With physical simulation, the thesis presents the changing characteristics of stratified disturbance over time. By 3DFLAC calculation, the thesis compares and analyzes the distribution characteristics of coal and rock stress over time and mining depth as well as the change rules of before and after surface subsidence. Considering the environmental and scale effect of optimization scheme at surface filling, this thesis uses GPR for status analyzing and effect evaluating. The verification shows two aspects. Firstly, fillings and caving of roof blended will make no caving at fillings and roofs; secondly, fillings and roofs can cave along the release of top-coal. Strata control ability has been improved significantly. Focusing on rule disaster of roof of fully-mechanized face of large section and control disaster at surface filling, this study has great practical necessity and scientific values.