粉煤灰灌浆是防治煤自燃的有效技术手段。粉煤灰浆液存在易沉降、不易凝固等问题，对煤自燃防治效果存在影响。为进一步提高粉煤灰浆液的保水性及稳定性，以黄原胶（XG）、羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）为胶凝剂，制备了XG/HPMC粉煤灰胶体材料，研究其流变特性及渗流扩散过程与抑制煤自燃效果。

通过单因素实验确定了粉煤灰胶体组成成分的有效范围：胶体浓度为0.70%、0.80%、0.90%，胶体质量比为7:3、6:4、5:5，水灰比为8:1、10:1、12:1。采用响应面分析法设计优化实验，以成胶时间、析水率为响应值，得到优化后的成分配比为：胶体浓度0.78%，胶体质量比65:35，水灰比10.38:1。粉煤灰胶体表面形成了一层“膜”结构，XG和HPMC已成功接枝聚合在粉煤灰表面。

通过旋转流变仪研究了XG/HPMC粉煤灰胶体流变特性影响，并自主搭建实验台进行渗流扩散模拟实验。XG/HPMC粉煤灰胶体均存在剪切稀化现象，采用Herschel-Bulkley模型进行拟合，相关系数R²在0.99以上，流变行为指数n均小于1。XG/HPMC粉煤灰胶体存在线性粘弹区范围，在此范围内储能模量G'均高于损耗模量G"，表明粉煤灰胶体呈现类固态，属于粘弹性固体。粉煤灰胶体经低速-高速-低速剪切后，粘度恢复率大于65%。粉煤灰胶体渗流扩散过程可划分为3个阶段：快速扩散阶段（0~85 s）、缓慢扩散阶段（85~160 s）、稳定扩散阶段（160~355 s）。浆液前沿位置随时间呈现指数型增长。在300 min时，胶体残留量为1289 mL，有效利用率为64.45%。

研究了XG/HPMC粉煤灰胶体对煤自燃的抑制效果。采用程序升温实验装置分析了粉煤灰胶体的低温氧化特性参数，发现110 ℃时耗氧速率较原煤样降低了55.51%，指标气体生成率降低，100 ℃时煤体阻化率为77.47%。通过TG-DSC实验测试了粉煤灰胶体对煤体特征温度点及放热特征的影响，粉煤灰胶体可抑制煤的燃烧阶段，使阻化煤样特征温度点延后，可燃性指数、稳燃性指数和综合燃烧指数较原煤分别降低了7.20%、6.02%和9.70%。热效应明显低于原煤，最大热效应温度延后8 ℃，抑制了煤自然发火。使用红外光谱仪分析了煤体官能团变化，通过分峰拟合技术得出粉煤灰胶体可降低煤活性官能团吸光度，减少游离官能团含量，以此延缓化学反应进程，抑制煤体自燃。本研究针对粉煤灰胶体在预防煤自燃方面的应用提供了创新的途径，对于深入研究和有效防治煤自燃灾害具有一定的理论参考价值。

Fly ash grouting is an effective technical means to prevent coal spontaneous combustion. The stability of fly ash suspension is often compromised by its tendency to settle, which can impair its effectiveness in managing the spontaneous combustion of coal. To enhance the retention of water and the overall stability of fly ash suspension, a novel material known as XG/HPMC fly ash colloid was created using Xanthan gum (XG) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as the gelling components. This study investigates the rheological characteristics, the spreading behavior during flow, and the coal spontaneous combustion inhibitory effect of this material.

The effective range of colloidal composition of fly ash was determined by single factor experiment: colloidal concentration was 0.70%, 0.80%, 0.90%, colloidal mass ratio was 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, water-cement ratio was 8:1, 10:1, 12:1. The response surface analysis method was used to design the optimal test, and the response values were as follows: colloidal concentration 0.78%, colloidal mass ratio 65:35, water-cement ratio 10.38:1. A "film" structure was formed on the colloidal surface of fly ash, and XG and HPMC were successfully grafted on the surface of fly ash.

The effects of colloidal rheological properties of XG/HPMC fly ash were studied by rotating rheometer, and the flow diffusion simulation test was carried out on an independent experimental platform. XG/HPMC fly ash colloidal shear thinning phenomenon, using Herschel-Bulkley model to fit, correlation coefficient R² above 0.99, rheological behavior index n was less than 1. XG/HPMC fly ash colloids had a linear viscoelastic range, in which the energy storage modulus G' was higher than the loss modulus G", indicating that the fly ash colloids were solid-like and belong to viscoelastic solids. The viscosity recovery rate of fly ash colloid was greater than 65% after low speed - high speed - low speed shear. The flow diffusion process of fly ash colloid can be divided into three stages: rapid diffusion stage (0~85s), slow diffusion stage (85~160s) and stable diffusion stage (160~355s). The position of the grout front increased exponentially with time. At 300 min, the residual amount of colloid was 1289mL, and the effective utilization rate was 64.45%.

The study investigated the inhibitory effects of XG/HPMC fly ash colloid on the spontaneous combustion of coal. The low-temperature oxidation characteristics of the fly ash colloid were analyzed using a programmed temperature experimental device. It was found that at 110°C, the oxygen consumption rate decreased by 55.51% compared to the original coal sample, and the generation rate of index gases was reduced. At 100°C, the coal body's inhibition rate reached 77.47%. The influence of the fly ash colloid on the characteristic temperature points and exothermic characteristics of coal was tested through TG-DSC experiments. The fly ash colloid was able to suppress the combustion stages of coal, delaying the characteristic temperature points of the coal samples. The combustibility index, stability index, and comprehensive combustion index were reduced by 7.20%, 6.02%, and 9.70% respectively compared to the original coal. The thermal effect was significantly lower than that of the original coal, with the maximum thermal effect temperature delayed by 8°C, effectively inhibiting coal spontaneous ignition. Changes in the coal body's functional groups were analyzed using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. Through peak fitting technology, it was determined that the fly ash colloid could reduce the absorbance of active functional groups in coal and decrease the content of free functional groups, thereby slowing down the chemical reaction process and inhibiting the spontaneous combustion of coal. This research provides an innovative approach for the application of fly ash colloid in preventing coal spontaneous combustion and holds certain theoretical value for in-depth study and effective prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion disasters.

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