我国大部分矿山以井工开采为主，随着开采深度的不断增加，“三高一扰动”的恶劣条件加剧，安全问题更加突出，事故救援难度急剧增大。事故发生后，快速搜寻到井下被困人员是成功救援的基础。矿山钻孔垂直救援技术可快速构建生命通道实现高效救援。借助救生钻孔，UWB雷达可用于探测井下遮蔽环境人员生命信息，进一步提高救援效率。本文以理论分析、实验测试及仿真模拟相结合的方法开展面向钻孔垂直救援井下遮蔽环境的UWB雷达生命信息探测回波研究。 

为明晰井下遮蔽环境电磁特性，采用交流阻抗测量法获取6种煤岩样品在100MHz-1GHz条件下的电性参数，发现随着频率的升高，煤、岩的相对介电常数呈降低趋势；煤、岩的电导率总体上随着频率的升高而升高；用复介电常数为N阶弛豫Debye方程拟合得出20MHz-10GHz下人体等效模型的介电参数。通过构建不同探测环境正演模拟模型，分析仿真模拟回波图谱，得出UWB雷达最优探测函数波形为ricker、最优探测频率范围为400-600MHz；随着频率的升高，人体返回波强度总体呈下降趋势。

设计试制应用于钻孔救援的UWB雷达探测装置样机，搭建UWB雷达波探测实验台，开展不同环境、有无生命体、不同探测距离、多人体目标、微弱体动等情况下的雷达探测实验。发现0.5m厚贫煤环境下人体返回波出现时间较空气环境相对滞后，且雷达回波振幅值有明显下降；人员距离雷达天线辐射方向1-1.5、1.5-2、2-2.5、2.5-3、3-3.5、3.5-4m范围内径向匀速移动，移动平均时差为2.575ns，误差在可接受范围内；同一范围内的多个人体目标距雷达径向相对位置有差异时，可从回波图谱判断出人体目标数量；从人体返回波出现与消失的纵向时间差可判断人体的体动范围和体动幅度；从人体返回波单周期波宽可推测出其生理状况；可通过背景消除和增益调节等处理手段提取微弱体动情况下的人体返回波信号。

Most of the mines in China are mainly shaft mining, with the increasing depth of mining, the "three highs and one disturbance" of the harsh conditions intensified, safety problems more prominent, the difficulty of accident rescue has increased sharply. After an accident, rapid search for trapped people is the basis for successful rescue. The vertical rescue technology of mine borehole can quickly build a lifeline to achieve efficient rescue. With the help of life-saving boreholes, UWB radar can be used to detect the life information of people in the obscured environment underground, further improving the rescue efficiency. In this paper, a combination of theoretical analysis, experimental testing and simulation is used to carry out the study of UWB radar life information detection echoes for downhole sheltered environment of vertical rescue borehole.

In order to clarify the electromagnetic characteristics of the underground sheltered environment, AC impedance measurements were used to obtain the electrical parameters of six coal and rock samples at 100MHz-1GHz, and it was found that the relative permittivity of coal and rock tended to decrease as the frequency increased; the conductivity of coal and rock generally increased with the increase of frequency; the complex permittivity was used as the Nth order relaxation Debye equation The dielectric parameters of the human equivalent model at 20MHz-10GHz were fitted. By constructing orthorectified simulation models for different detection environments and analyzing the simulated echo patterns, the optimal detection function waveform of UWB radar is ricker and the optimal detection frequency range is 400-600MHz; with the increase of frequency, the intensity of human return waves generally shows a decreasing trend.

The prototype of UWB radar detection device applied to borehole rescue was designed and tested, and the UWB radar wave detection experiment bench was built to carry out radar detection experiments in different environments, with and without living bodies, different detection distances, multiple human targets, and weak body movements. It was found that the human return waves in 0.5m thick coal-poor environment lagged behind the air environment, and the radar echo amplitude value decreased significantly; the personnel moved radially and uniformly within 1-1.5, 1.5-2, 2-2.5, 2.5-3, 3-3.5, 3.5-4m from the radar antenna radiation direction, and the average time difference of movement was 2.575ns, which was within the acceptable range; the same When there is a difference in the radial relative position of multiple human targets within the same range, the number of human targets can be judged from the echo pattern; the range of human body movement and the amplitude of body movement can be judged from the longitudinal time difference between the appearance and disappearance of human body return waves; the physiological condition can be inferred from the single-cycle wave width of human body return waves; the human body return wave signal under weak body movement can be extracted by background elimination and gain adjustment.

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