心脏瓣膜是维持心脏功能和调节血液循环的重要结构，其中主动脉瓣处于高速血流区域，承受着较大的压力和周期性负荷，是心脏瓣膜中发病率最高的部位之一。对主动脉瓣力学性能的研究能够为相关疾病的诊断和治疗提供理论依据。目前，计算机仿真已成为研究主动脉瓣的一个重要手段。本文首先对Poiseuille流和圆柱体后弹性梁的流致振动进行仿真，并将其仿真解与解析解或基准算例进行比较分析，以验证通过有限元方法求解FSI问题的准确性和有效性。随后，建立基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉法的主动脉瓣FSI模型，对单叶式主动脉瓣、钙化性主动脉瓣以及具有不同材料特性的主动脉瓣进行仿真分析，从而进一步揭示不同因素对主动脉瓣力学性能的影响及其力学特性与瓣膜疾病之间的潜在关联。 
       本文的主要内容如下：
       (1) 单叶式主动脉瓣的研究大多集中在对患者的相关疾病进行统计分析，而缺少对其力学性能的研究。因此，对不同血流流量下的单叶式主动脉瓣进行了FSI仿真和深入地力学性能分析。结果显示，单叶式主动脉瓣相较于正常主动脉瓣表现为狭窄，具有过高的跨瓣压差(Transvalvular pressure gradients, TPG)；低血流流量下的单叶式主动脉瓣具有低血流速度的同时具有低TPG，从而形成一种特殊的亚组；瓣膜在心脏收缩中期承受的流体剪切应力较高，而过高的流体剪切应力会增加瓣膜钙化的风险。
      (2) 由于二维模型和计算流体力学方法的局限性，建立了三维钙化性主动脉瓣FSI模型，以深入分析不同钙化程度下主动脉瓣的力学性能。结果显示，随着钙化程度的增加，瓣叶在开合过程中的活动受到限制，导致瓣膜的血流速度、血流压力、TPG以及第一主应力值逐步增加，而应变值则逐渐降低。这一变化过程加剧了主动脉瓣狭窄的情况，并且可能会形成一个恶性循环，进一步影响心脏功能。
      (3) 选择合适的材料模型来分析和预测主动脉瓣的力学性能仍然具有挑战性。因此，建立了3种不同材料特性的主动脉瓣FSI模型，并分析了不同材料模型对主动脉瓣力学性能的影响。结果表明，在仿真模拟中，主动脉壁材料模型的选取对主动脉瓣的血流动力学影响通常较小；瓣叶的线弹性材料特性导致仿真结果表现出类似于主动脉瓣硬化的⾏为；在材料变形范围内，可以采用线弹性材料模型来快速评估主动脉瓣的性能。
 

       Heart valves are essential structures for maintaining cardiac function and regulating blood circulation. The aortic valve, located in a high-speed blood flow area, endures significant pressure and cyclic loading, making it one of the most susceptible sites to disease among the heart valves. Studying the mechanical properties of the aortic valve can provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Currently, computer simulations have become an important means of studying the aortic valve. This paper initially simulated the Poiseuille flow and the flow-induced vibration of an elastic beam behind a cylinder, comparing the simulation results with analytical or benchmark examples to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of using the finite element method to solve FSI problems. Subsequently, aortic valve FSI models utilizing the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method were developed to simulate and analyze the unicuspid aortic valve, calcific aortic valve, and aortic valves with different material properties, further elucidating the impacts of several factors on the mechanical performance of the aortic valves and their potential links to valve diseases.
      The main contents of this paper are as follows:
      (1) Research on unicuspid aortic valves mostly focuses on statistical analysis of related diseases in patients, lacking studies on their mechanical properties. Therefore, FSI simulations and in-depth mechanical performance analyses of unicuspid aortic valves under different blood flows were conducted. The results show that, compared to normal aortic valves, the unicuspid aortic valve appears narrower, exhibiting excessively high transvalvular pressure gradients (TPG); under conditions of low blood flow, the unicuspid aortic valve displays low blood flow velocity and TPG, forming a unique subgroup; the valve experiences higher fluid shear stress during mid-systolic cardiac contraction, which can increase the risk of valve calcification.
       (2) Due to the limitations of two-dimensional models and computational fluid dynamics methods, a three-dimensional calcific aortic valve FSI model was established to analyze the mechanical performance of the aortic valve at different stages of calcification. The results show that with advancing calcification, leaflet mobility during valve operation is restricted, progressively increasing blood flow velocity, pressure, TPG, and principal stress, while decreasing strain. This progression exacerbates the condition of aortic stenosis and may form a vicious cycle, further impacting cardiac function.
       (3) Choosing an appropriate material model to analyze and predict the mechanical performance of the aortic valve remains challenging. Therefore, FSI models of the aortic valve with three different material properties were established, and the effects of these material models on the mechanical performance of the aortic valve were analyzed. The results indicate that in simulations, the choice of material model for the aortic wall typically has a minor impact on the hemodynamics of the aortic valve; the linear elastic properties of the valve leaflets lead to simulation results exhibiting behaviors similar to aortic valve hardening; within the range of material deformation, the linear elastic material model can be used for a rapid assessment of the aortic valve's performance.
 

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