狭小、封闭的矿井工作环境实际上是在一个受限空间内，会给矿工带来持续的心理压力和焦虑，同时也会增加感到孤立和压抑的可能性。心理负荷不仅对矿工的个体工作表现产生直接的负面影响，还可能通过影响注意力、决策能力和情绪状态等方面，对整个生产流程造成严重的干扰。严重的心理负荷可能导致工作错误率的增加、生产任务完成时间的延长以及工作中的意外事件频发，进而直接降低矿业生产的效率和质量。因此，为了提高矿业生产效率并改善工作环境，有必要对受限空间下矿工心理负荷对生产效率的影响进行深入研究。本文将有助于识别和理解矿工在特定工作环境下所面临的心理压力来源，进而为制定相应的心理健康支持措施和工作环境改善方案提供科学依据。

针对该问题，本文在广泛阅读了国内外的文献资料之后，在人因工程实验室内模拟舱进行N-back实验操作。实验开始之前，让被试对实验范式进行练习以熟悉范式操作。在任务执行过程中，通过fNIRS技术对被试大脑前额叶部位的血流动力学变化进行实时跟踪，以探究不同环境条件下的神经活动差异。通过观察被试在各种环境和任务中的表现，包括他们在执行任务时的正确率和反应时间，同时利用生理和行为数据，例如通过NASA任务负荷指数量表衡量心理负荷，从而探讨了心理负荷与工作效能之间的相互作用。本文的目标是揭示在受限制的空间中，心理负荷对个体的工作效能产生何种影响。

实验结果表明：（1）反应时在同一环境不同任务难度具有显著差异，而不同环境下反应时不显著；而正确率则能够有效区分任务复杂度和不同环境的差异；（2）在fNIRS指标分析中，得出1-back任务的HbO2浓度在受限空间和正常空间中的差异不具有统计学意义；3-back任务在不同环境下通道26呈现了显著的差异，随着任务难度的增大，会导致被试心理负荷水平的升高，被试在面对不同的环境和任务难度时，其大脑前额叶的激活模式呈现出显著的差异性；（3）利用NASA任务负荷指数量表对两种不同环境下不同难度任务的心理负荷进行了主观评估，分析结果可知不同任务及不同环境与任务负荷量表总分具有统计学意义。利用NASA任务负荷指数量表能够有效地衡量被试在执行任务过程中所承受的心理负荷水平。（4）通过对被试27个通道均值统计分析，发现受限空间及正常空间1-back至3-back任务HbO2浓度均值均呈上升趋势。而对于1-back任务从受限空间至正常空间并未呈现下降趋势，反而3-back任务从受限空间至正常空间呈现出明显的下降趋势。另外在受限空间中各个通道的HbO2浓度均相对较高于正常空间的HbO2浓度。

结合实验结果及讨论，本文对数据进行预处理后构建训练和测试数据集，然后利用随机搜索选择最优参数构建基于随机森林算法的心理负荷分类模型，结果表明基于随机森林的分类模型达到的准确率为90%，接着提出针对心理负荷以及受限空间的安全管理策略。对于受限空间条件给出了包括受限空间作业的培训、资源需求、潜在风险和预期成果，以及员工的休息安排及任务分配；对于应对矿工心理负荷，给出了提高员工个体水平，员工的情绪管理、严格执行矿工休息休假制度及建立员工心理负荷监测及预警机制。旨在为煤矿企业提供生产管理的优化建议，增强其生产效能，确保生产过程的持续高效运作，以及促进企业的长期稳定发展。

Working in the confined and enclosed environments of mines subjects the miners to continuous psychological stress and anxiety, which increases the potential for feelings of isolation and depression. The psychological load negatively impacts the individual performance of miners and, furthermore, can significantly disrupt the entire production process by affecting attention, decision-making capabilities, and emotional states. High levels of psychological load can lead to an increased rate of work errors, prolonged task completion times, and a higher frequency of accidents, thereby directly reducing the efficiency and quality of mining operations. Consequently, improving the efficiency of the mining industry and the working environment is crucial. To achieve this, conducting an in-depth study on the effects of miners’ psychological load in confined spaces on production efficiency is imperative. This thesis aims to help identify and understand the sources of psychological stress miners face in specific work settings, thereby providing a scientific basis for formulating appropriate psychological health support measures and developing workplace improvement strategies.

To address the issue, this thesis reviews a wide range of domestic and international literature and conducts N-back experiments within a simulated chamber at the Human Factors Engineering Laboratory. Before the experiment commenced, participants engaged in practice sessions to become familiar with the experimental paradigm. During task execution, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology was used to monitor the participants’ hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex in real time, exploring the differences in neural activities under various environmental conditions. Observations of participants’ performance in different environments and tasks, including accuracy and reaction times, were complemented by physiological and behavioral data. Specifically, the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) was leveraged to assess psychological load, and the interplay of this load with work efficiency was investigated. The thesis seeks to elucidate the impact of psychological load on individual work efficiency within confined spaces.

The experimental results indicate the following: (1) There are significant differences in reaction time for the same environment across varying task difficulties, whereas reaction times do not differ significantly between different environments. In contrast, accuracy effectively distinguishes the differences in task complexity and between different environments; (2) In the analysis of fNIRS indicators, no statistically significant differences were found in the HbO2 concentration during the 1-back task between restricted and normal spaces. However, the 3-back task showed significant differences in channel 26 across different environments. As task difficulty increases, it leads to an elevation in the psychological workload level of the subjects, whose frontal lobe activation patterns exhibit significant differences when facing various environments and task difficulties; (3) Subjective assessments of psychological workload for tasks of varying difficulty under two different environmental conditions were conducted using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). The analysis results revealed a statistically significant correlation between different tasks, different environments, and the total score of the task load index. The NASA-TLX is effective in measuring the level of psychological workload experienced by subjects during task execution; (4) Statistical analysis of the mean values across the 27 channels revealed an upward trend in the mean HbO2 concentration for the 1-back to 3-back tasks in both restricted and normal spaces. For the 1-back task, there was no downward trend observed when transitioning from restricted to normal space. In contrast, for the 3-back task, a significant downward trend was observed when moving from restricted to normal space. Moreover, the HbO2 concentration in all channels was relatively higher in the restricted space compared to the normal space.

Based on the findings and subsequent analysis of the experimental results, this thesis undertakes data preprocessing to create training and testing datasets. Subsequently, optimal parameter tuning is performed using a stochastic search method to construct a psychological load classification model based on the Random Forest algorithm. The results demonstrate that the classification model, which is based on the Random Forest algorithm, has achieved an accuracy rate of 90%. Following this, the thesis introduces safety management strategies specifically designed to address psychological load and the challenges of working in confined spaces. For confined space conditions, the thesis provides a comprehensive set of strategies encompassing training for confined space operations, delineating resource requirements, identifying potential risks, and projecting expected outcomes, along with arrangements for employee rest and task distribution. To mitigate the psychological load faced by miners, the thesis proposes measures such as enhancing individual employee capabilities, implementing effective emotional management for workers, enforcing strict adherence to miners' rest and leave policies, and establishing a monitoring and early warning system for employee psychological load. The ultimate goal is to provide coal mining enterprises with optimized recommendations for production management, thereby enhancing operational efficiency, ensuring the continuous and efficient execution of the production process, and promoting the long-term stability and sustainable growth of the enterprise.