随着现代工业的不断发展，超细铝粉在航空航天、汽车船舶制造、化工和军工等高科技领域的应用更为广泛，但因其易于氧化，具有较高的火灾、爆炸危险性，致使在工业生产、运输和存储过程中铝粉爆炸事故时有发生，造成人员伤亡和经济损失，因此针对超细铝粉爆炸特性及动力学的研究显得尤为重要，既对有效预防铝粉火灾爆炸事故，降低职业灾害具有一定的指导意义，又对金属粉尘爆炸理论的完善与发展具有重要的科学意义。本文采用理论和实验相结合的研究方法，系统研究了超细铝金属粉尘云的爆炸特性，并对超细铝粉爆炸的氧化动力学机制进行了深入分析。得到的主要研究成果如下：

（1）以不同粒径超细铝粉为研究对象，分别采用Mastersizer 2000型激光粒度分析仪、SU-8000型冷场发射电子显微镜和Xpert Pro MPD型X射线衍射仪等，测试得到影响超细铝粉爆炸特性的内在理化表征参数。研究发现超细铝粉的颗粒形状规则，近似球形，故以体积平均粒径D_4,3代表超细铝粉的粉尘粒径参数。建立铝颗粒的结构物理模型，结合金属颗粒氧化过程的膜增长理论，计算得到四种超细铝粉的初始氧化膜厚度，为后续研究工作打好基础。

（2）基于两相流、传热学和化学反应动力学理论，分别建立Godbert-Greenwald加热炉热区颗粒相和气相能量守恒方程，得到超细铝粉最低着火温度的理论计算模型；通过实验研究对最低着火温度理论数据进行验证，分析了D_4,3、粉尘浓度、分散压力三个单因素分别对超细铝粉最低着火温度的影响；采用正交矩阵分析法，对超细铝粉最低着火温度进行了多因素耦合分析，确定了各因素对超细铝粉最低着火温度影响的大小顺序与耦合的最佳条件。

（3）基于化学反应动力学和热力学理论，在考虑粉尘云与器壁之间的传导热流基础上，建立了超细铝粉在密闭球形空间内爆炸的物料平衡方程和热力学平衡方程，从而得到超细铝粉爆炸压力变化的理论计算模型；采用20L球形爆炸装置对超细铝粉爆炸猛烈性进行实验研究，通过超细铝粉的爆炸压力-时间曲线详细分析了超细铝粉在密闭空间内的爆炸过程，并分析了D_4,3、粉尘浓度、氧气浓度三个单因素分别对超细铝粉爆炸猛烈性参数的影响；采用正交矩阵分析法对超细铝粉爆炸猛烈性参数多因素耦合试验结果进行优化，确定了各因素对超细铝粉P_max和(dP/dt)_max的影响主次顺序与耦合的最优方案。

（4）采用热重-差热同步热分析动力学方法，对超细铝粉在不同实验条件下的氧化过程进行同步热分析，得到超细铝粉氧化过程的特征温度点，根据多晶相变理论，将超细铝粉的氧化过程划分为四个阶段，对不同升温速率、不同氧气浓度下超细铝粉的热反应特性和热效应进行研究；基于热分析动力学理论，获得不同实验条件下超细铝粉的表观活化能和指前因子等动力学参数，提出超细铝粉的机理函数；根据铝质量守恒，获得超细铝粉氧化过程中氧化层厚度的演变规律，在不同温度预处理后获得超细铝粉氧化燃烧产物，结合SEM技术，对其表面形貌的微观演变规律进行分析。

With the continuous development of modern industry, ultrafine aluminum powder is more widely used in high-tech fields such as aerospace, shipbuilding, chemical industry, and military industry. At the same time, ultrafine aluminum powder has a high risk of fire and explosion because it is easy to be oxidized. In the process of industrial production, transportation and storage, aluminum powder explosion accidents occur frequently, causing casualties and economic losses. Therefore, the study of the explosion characteristics and dynamics of ultrafine aluminum powder is particularly important, which not noly has certain guiding significance for effectively preventing fire and explosions of aluminum powder and reducing occupational disasters, but also has important scientific significance for the improvement and development of metal dust explosion theory. In this paper, the explosion characteristics of ultrafine aluminum powder are systematically studied by theoretical and experimental methods, and the oxidation kinetic mechanism of ultrafine aluminum powder explosion is deeply analyzed. The main research results obtained are as follows:

Taking four types of ultrafine aluminum powder with different particle sizes as the research objects, the Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer, SU-8000 cold field emission electron microscope and Xpert Pro MPD X-ray diffractometer were used respectively to test and obtain the intrinsic physical and chemical characterization parameters affecting the explosion characteristics of ultrafine aluminum powder. The ultrafine aluminum powder have a regular shape of particles, approximately spherical. D_4,3 represents the average particle size of aluminum powder. The structural physical model of aluminum particles was established, combined with the film growth theory of the metal particle oxidation process, the initial oxide film thickness of ultrafine aluminum powder was calculated, which laid a solid foundation for subsequent research work.

Based on the theory of two-phase flow, heat transfer and chemical reaction kinetics, the energy conservation equations of particle phase and gas phase in the hot zone of Godbert-Greenwald furnace were established respectively, and the theoretical model of the minimum ignition temperature of ultrafine aluminum powder was obtained. The theoretical data was verified by experimental research, and the influence of D_4,3, particle size, and dispersion pressure on the minimum ignition temperature of ultrafine aluminum powder was analyzed. A multi-factor coupling analysis of the minimum ignition temperature of ultrafine aluminum powder was carried out by using positive matrix factorization method, determining the important order of the various factors’ influences on the minimum ignition temperature of ultrafine aluminum powder, and the optimal conditions for coupling.

Based on the chemical reaction kinetics and thermodynamics theory, and considering the conduction heat flow between the dust cloud and the wall, the material balance equation and thermodynamic equilibrium equation of the ultrafine aluminum powder exploding in the enclosed spherical space were established, thereby obtaining the theoretical model of the explosion pressure change of ultrafine aluminum powder. The 20L spherical explosive device was used to conduct an experimental study on the explosiveness of the ultrafine aluminum powder. The explosion pressure-time curve of the ultrafine aluminum powder was used to analyze the explosion process of the ultrafine aluminum powder in a confined space in detail. The influences of three single factors including D_4,3, dust concentration, and oxygen concentration on the explosion violent parameters of ultrafine aluminum powder were analyzed. the positive matrix factorization method was used to optimize the multi-factor coupling test results of the explosion violent parameters of ultrafine aluminum powder to determine the important order of the various factors’ influences on P_max and (dP/dt)_max of ultrafine aluminum powder, and the optimal plan for coupling.

Synchronous thermal analysis of the oxidation process of ultrafine aluminum powder was carried out by thermogravimetry-differential thermal synchronous thermal analysis kinetics under different experimental conditions. The characteristic temperature points of the oxidation process of ultrafine aluminum powder were obtained. According to the theory of polycrystalline phase transformation, the procedure of ultrafine aluminum oxide is divided into four stages. The thermal properties and thermal effect of ultrafine aluminum powder were studied at different heating rate and oxygen concentration. Based on the kinetic theory of thermal analysis, the kinetic parameters such as apparent activation energy and pre-finger factor were obtained under different experimental conditions. According to the conservation of aluminum mass, the evolution rule of the oxide layer thickness in the oxidation process of ultrafine aluminum powder was obtained, and the oxidized combustion products of ultrafine aluminum powder were obtained after pretreatment at different temperatures. Combined with SEM technology, the microscopic evolution rule of the surface morphology was analyzed.