提高工作面回采率一直是综放开采研究的核心问题之一，因此深入认识顶煤破坏机理，掌握顶煤破坏垮落的基本规律，对提高综放工作面回采率，实现安全高产高效具有重要意义。 本文采用实验室MTS煤样力学特性实验、相似材料模拟实验、计算机数值计算和理论分析方法，以建北煤矿101综放工作面为典型研究对象，对综放开采顶煤破坏机理进行了比较深入的研究。 根据实验室MTS煤样力学特性实验，分析了煤样变形破坏的基本特征，拟合得到了实验煤样的应力应变关系式，以及破坏准则的应力表达式和应变表达式；分析了煤体内节理裂隙的分布特征，及其产状对综放开采顶煤破坏的影响规律；根据相似材料模拟实验，分析了顶煤破断、垮落特征和工作面前方支承压力分布特征；应用数值计算分析综放开采顶煤体应力场分布特征、位移及破坏区分布特征；通过分析支承压力分布区和控顶区顶煤的力学属性，认为支承压力分布区顶煤已经变为塑性介质，而控顶区顶煤产生剪切滑移破坏；运用断裂力学理论，建立了顶煤破坏的整体力学模型，并导出了顶煤扩容破坏的力学表达方程式。

Improve the working surface recovery ratio has been the synthesis lets loose picks one of research core questions, therefore knew thoroughly goes against the coal failure mechanism, grasps goes against the basic rule which the coal destruction breaks down falls, to enhances the synthesis to put the working surface recovery ratio, realizes the security high production to have the important meaning highly effective. This paper uses laboratory MTS the coal sample mechanics characteristic experiment, the similar material modelling, the computer numerical calculus and the theoretical analysis method, north take constructs the coal mine 101 syntheses to put the working surface as the model object of study, let loose to the synthesis picks goes against the coal failure mechanism to conduct the quite thorough research. According to the laboratory MTS coal sample mechanics characteristic experiment, has analyzed the essential feature which the coal sample distortion destroys, fitted the experiment coal sample stress strain relationship, as well as failure criterion stress expression and strain expression; Has analyzed the coal in vivo jointing crevasse distributed characteristic, and the occurrence lets loose to the synthesis picks goes against the influence rule which the coal destroys; According to the similar material modelling, analyzed has gone against the coal breaking, to break down falls front the characteristic and the working surface the force of support distributed characteristic; The application numerical calculus analysis synthesis lets loose picks goes against the coal body stress field distribution characteristic, the displacement and the destruction differentiates Boott to draft; And controls through the analysis force of support distribution area goes against the area to go against the coal mechanics attribute, thought that the force of support distribution area went against the coal already to become the plastic medium, but controlled goes against the area to go against the coal to have the cutting slipping destruction; Using the fracture mechanics theory, established has gone against the overall mechanical model which the coal destroyed, and derived has gone against mechanics expression equation which the coal dilatancy destroyed.