煤矸石作为煤矿开采和洗选过程中产生的工业固体废弃物，大量堆积对地球生态及人类生活造成严重危害。构建固废资源循环利用体系，是深化绿色低碳循环发展的重要举措，是全面提高资源利用效率的必由之路。本文通过对煤矸石进行陶瓷化处理，研究其在工业废水治理领域的高附加值利用。

通过添加造孔剂法制备矸石基多孔陶瓷吸附材料，研究多孔陶瓷吸附材料理化性质及对两种有机染剂吸附性能的影响因素。结果表明，烧结温度影响矸石基陶瓷孔结构（孔隙率及线性收缩率），随烧结温度降低吸附性能显著提升。矸石基多孔陶瓷具有选择吸附性对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝吸附效率高达93 %。

通过引入生物质造孔剂改善矸石基多孔陶瓷孔结构优化吸附特性。生物碳负载陶瓷对亚甲基蓝吸附量0.954 mg/g、吸附效率96 %均高于未负载生物碳矸石陶瓷。对吸附过程进行动力学、等温线和热力学模型拟合，结果表明原陶瓷和生物碳负载陶瓷更符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型，拟合度均高于95 %，热力学结果表明吸附过程是以化学吸附为主的自发性吸热反应。五次吸附-脱附试验后生物碳负载陶瓷吸附效率仍高于75 %。

采用碱性原位共沉积法制备 Zn-Fe LDHs 负载改性矸石基多孔陶瓷，通过响应面设计三因素三水平正交试验，得到吸附性能最优的试验方案，该条件下Zn-Fe LDHs 负载矸石基多孔陶瓷对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝和阴离子染料甲基橙具有最大吸附量，分别为1.949 mg/g和1.598 mg/g。在增大比表面积的同时提供更多活性位点，整个吸附过程包括化学吸附和物理吸附协同作用。

As an industrial solid waste generated in the process of coal mining and washing, a large amount of accumulation causes serious harm to the earth's ecology and human life. Building a solid waste resource recycling system is an important measure to deepen the development of green and low-carbon circulation and is the only way to comprehensively improve resource utilization efficiency. This study examines the high-value-added ceramicization of gangue for the treatment of industrial wastewater.

The physicochemical properties of porous ceramic adsorption materials and their influencing factors on the adsorption performance of the two organic dyes were studied by adding pore-forming agents. The results show that the sintering temperature affects the pore structure (porosity and linear shrinkage) of gangue-based ceramics, and the adsorption performance increases significantly with the decrease in sintering temperature. Gangue-based porous ceramics have selective adsorption, and the adsorption efficiency of the cationic dye methylene blue is as high as 93%.

The pore structure of gangue-based porous ceramics was improved by introducing biomass pore-making agents to optimize the adsorption characteristics. The adsorption capacity of 0.954 mg/g and the adsorption efficiency of 96% for methylene blue were higher than those of unloaded biochar gangue ceramics. The kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic models of the adsorption process were fitted, and the results showed that the original ceramics and biochar-loaded ceramics were more in line with the quasi-secondary kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, and the fitting degree was higher than 95%, and the thermodynamic results showed that the adsorption process was a spontaneous endothermic reaction based on chemical adsorption. After five adsorption-desorption tests, the adsorption efficiency of biochar-loaded ceramics was still higher than 75%.

Zn-Fe LDHs gangue-based porous ceramics were prepared by the alkaline in situ co-deposition method, and the test scheme with optimal adsorption performance was obtained by designing three-factor and three-level orthogonal tests on the response surface, under which Zn-Fe LDHs gangue-based porous ceramics had the maximum adsorption capacity for the cationic dye methylene blue and the anionic dye methyl orange, which were 1.949 mg/g and 1.598 mg/g, respectively. While increasing the specific surface area, more active sites are provided, and the entire adsorption process includes chemisorption and physical adsorption synergy.