随着煤矿开采深度增加，急倾斜煤层巷道煤岩失稳导致的动力灾害愈发严重，研究巷道煤岩失稳的发生机制及规律就显得尤为重要。 论文以乌东煤矿急倾斜特厚煤层巷道稳定性控制为研究背景，通过现场地质调研、分析，获取巷道的地质赋存特征；通过岩石力学试验获取煤岩材料的本构关系，基于小波分析理论分析物理模拟实验过程中的声发射信号特征，确定煤岩体损伤特性、能量与损伤之间的内在联系，建立巷道围岩失稳的临界能量判据。研究表明：当能量值大于6.0×104时，煤岩体发生破坏。工程现场开展声发射监测，借助小波分析与临界能量判据预测得出：43#煤层南巷围岩失稳范围为1.3m，45#煤层南巷围岩失稳范围为2.6m；通过光学钻孔窥视系统监测巷道煤岩内部裂隙的发育程度，结合松动圈监测仪探测巷道煤岩的不同破碎程度的范围对预测结果进行验证。结果表明：43#煤层南巷围岩的失稳范围为1.6m，45#煤层南巷围岩失稳范围为2.5m。综上确定乌东煤矿+500水平43#煤层南巷与45#煤层南巷的围岩失稳范围分别为1.6m和2.6m。结合乌东煤矿的地质赋存特征与+500水平43#煤层南巷和45#煤层南巷的围岩失稳范围对其原有的支护方式进行优化，选取合理的支护方式和支护参数，保障巷道在开采扰动影响下的稳定，实现安全开采。 本文研究成果对类似地质条件下的煤矿的安全开采，具有一定的参考与借鉴意义。

With the coal mining level extending gradurally, instability of roadway surrounding rock induced dynamic disaster occurred frequently. It is important to been given much more concern about the mechanism and rule of instability of roadway surrounding rock. Taken stability control of roadway between extremely steep seams in Wudong colliery into consideration, geological occurrence characteristics of roadway could be analyized and achieved through geology investigation. Based on rock mechanics test to obtain the constitutive relation of coal and rock materials With the help of wavelet analysis program, the acoustic emission signal, unleashed during rock mechanics test, were dealed with to deal with. Inner coeffience between energy, stress and critical energy criterion for instability of surrounding rock of roadway could be determined. We could obtain the critical damage energy judgment of surrounding rock. Researches show that: when energy is bigger than 6.0×104 specimens damage occurred; Acoustic emission monitoring system was here to collect the released dynamic information of the instability of roadway surrounding rock. It was dedicated that the range of dynamic instability of 43# coal seam southern roadway reached to be 1.3m; the range of dynamic instability of 45# coal seam southern roadway was 2.6m. Through optical borehole peeping system, the internal fracture informations of roadways surrounding rock were collected. Combined with loose circle monitor system, the loose range of 43# coal seam and 45# coal seam in southern roadway surrounding rock were determined to be 1.6m and 2.5m respectively. Comprehensive analysis of three kinds monitoring methods, it was dedicated that the dynamic instability of roadway surrounding rock reached 1.6m in +500 level 43# coal seam, the instability of the surrounding rock of 45# coal seam in south range was 2.6m. Finally combined with the actual Wudon geological occurrence characteristics and the above research we could optimize the original supporting method. Much more resonable supporting method and support parameters were selected to ensure the safety of roadway in the exploitation. The research results provide guidance and reference for the safety mining in similar geological conditions.