浅埋煤层工作面开采形成的采动裂隙可直接贯通至地表，很容易沟通地表水体，造成工作面突水溃砂，严重威胁矿井安全生产，同时，还可能导致地表水资源损失和区域生态环境恶化等一系列问题。近水体工作面突水机理及防治技术研究是解决浅埋煤层矿区水资源保护与煤炭安全开采之间矛盾的关键。本文以水体周边工作面隔水煤岩体为研究对象，综合运用理论分析、现场实测和工程应用验证相结合的研究方法，针对工作面侧向采动裂隙边界预测、积水边界探查和合理隔水煤岩体宽度确定等科学问题和技术难题展开研究。主要研究内容和研究成果如下：

（1）分析了水体周边浅埋煤层工作面突水的基本形式，结果表明，近水体浅埋煤层开采诱发工作面突水主要有采动裂隙沟通水体、水压作用下隔水煤岩体破坏失稳和隔水煤岩体中地质缺陷导水三种形式；以水体与工作面沟通形式为分类标准，将近水体浅埋煤层工作面突水分为采动裂隙型、隔水煤岩体失稳型和地质缺陷型三大类；提出预测采动裂隙发育边界、查明积水边界、确定合理隔水煤岩体宽度以及分析地质缺陷导水特征是研究工作面突水机理的关键科学和技术问题。

（2）根据覆岩采动裂隙及渗透性演化规律，将浅埋煤层工作面覆岩采动裂隙场分为煤壁极限平衡区（区域1）、基岩垮落裂隙区（区域2）、基岩变形裂隙区（区域3）、基岩破断裂隙区（区域4）、松散层裂隙发育区（区域5）和松散层裂隙闭合区（区域6）共6个区。提出浅埋煤层工作面覆岩侧向采动裂隙边界是区域1、区域3和区域5的外边界，并以此为依据，确定了近水体浅埋煤层隔水煤岩体靠工作面侧的边界。

（3）分别建立了开采扰动作用下侧向煤层极限屈服宽度计算模型、基岩破坏模型和松散层拉裂滑移模型；推导了工作面侧向煤层、开采侧基岩层、停采侧基岩层和松散层采动裂隙场侧向发育宽度的理论计算公式；提出了浅埋煤层工作面覆岩采动裂隙场空间形态的定量表征方法，分析了覆岩采动裂隙场空间形态发育特征。结果表明，浅埋煤层工作面覆岩采动裂隙场是以采场为中心，向上逐层扩散，最终在地表开放的漏斗形，侧向边界在煤层为极限平衡区外边界，基岩层为超前拉裂隙边界，松散层为“拉裂-剪切”破坏边界。

（4）针对浅埋煤层矿区常见的积水火烧区、积水小窑采空区等地下不规则水体边界确定难度大，现有勘探方法存在探查盲区的问题，提出在物探和垂直钻探基础上，采用定向长钻孔对地下积水边界进行连续探查，形成了一套基于物探、垂直钻探和定向钻探的地下不规则积水区综合勘探方法，有效提高了对地下积水区边界的控制精度，并以此为依据，确定了近水体浅埋煤层工作面隔水煤岩体靠水体侧的边界。

（5）在准确划定工作面侧向采动裂隙发育边界和水体侧积水边界的基础上，结合近水体浅埋煤层隔水煤岩体受力特征，建立了隔水煤岩体力学分析模型；先将隔水煤岩体视为刚体，进行了局部和整体抗滑移和抗倾覆失稳验算，再将隔水煤岩体视为岩土体，进行了强度验算，以不发生滑移、倾覆以及强度破坏为前提，推导了隔水煤岩体临界宽度表达式。

（6）分析了隔水煤岩体中断层、烧变岩和基岩风化带导水机理；建立了考虑地质缺陷的隔水煤岩体力学模型，推导了隔水煤岩体中存在断层、烧变岩和基岩风化带条件下临界宽度表达式；提出了注浆帷幕和定向钻分段前进式注浆等有针对性的水害防治方法。

（7）研究成果在张家峁煤矿和霍洛湾煤矿近水体浅埋煤层工作面防治水中进行了应用，计算了工作面采动裂隙场侧向发育边界、探查了边界煤柱完整性、确定了合理隔水煤岩体宽度，提出了针对性的侧向水害防治技术，并通过现场实测对理论分析成果进行了验证。

The mining induced fractures formed by shallow coal seam mining can directly penetrate to the surface, making it easy to communicate with surface water bodies, causing water inrush and sand collapse at the working face, seriously threatening mine safety production. At the same time, it may also lead to a series of problems such as loss of surface water resources and deterioration of regional ecological environment. The research on the mechanism and prevention technology of water inrush in the near water working face is the key to solving the contradiction between water resource protection and coal safety mining in shallow coal seam mining areas. This thesis takes the water-resistant coal rock mass around the water body as the research object, and comprehensively applies a research method combining theoretical analysis, on-site measurement, and engineering application verification to study scientific and technical problems such as predicting the lateral mining fracture boundary of the working face, exploring the water accumulation boundary, and determining the reasonable width of the water-resistant coal rock mass. The main research results are as follows:

(1) The basic forms of water inrush in shallow coal seam working faces around water bodies were analyzed, and the results showed that the water inrush induced by shallow coal seam mining near water bodies mainly includes three forms: mining induced fractures communicating with water bodies, damage and instability of water resistant coal rock masses under water pressure, and geological defects conducting water in water resistant coal rock masses; Based on the communication form between water bodies and working faces, the water inrush in shallow coal seam working faces near water bodies is classified into three categories: mining induced fracture type, water resistant coal rock mass instability type, and geological defect type; The key scientific and technical issues in studying the mechanism of water inrush in working faces include predicting the development boundary of mining induced fractures, identifying the boundary of water accumulation, determining the reasonable width of water blocking coal rock mass, and analyzing the water conducting characteristics of geological defects.

(2) According to the evolution law of overlying rock mining fractures and permeability, the overlying rock mining fracture field of shallow coal seam working face is divided into six zones: coal wall limit equilibrium zone (Zone 1), bedrock collapse fracture zone (Zone 2), bedrock deformation fracture zone (Zone 3), bedrock fracture fracture zone (Zone 4), loose layer fracture development zone (Zone 5), and loose layer fracture closure zone (Zone 6). It is proposed that the lateral mining fracture boundary of the overlying rock in the shallow coal seam working face is the outer boundary of regions 1, 3, and 5, and based on this, the boundary of the water resistant coal rock mass in the shallow coal seam near the working face is determined.

(3) We have established models for calculating the ultimate yield width of the lateral coal seam for mining disturbance, models for bedrock failure, and models for loose layer tension and slip; The theoretical calculation formulas for the lateral development width of mining induced fractures in the lateral coal seam of the working face, the mining side bedrock, the stopping mining side bedrock, and the loose layer were derived; A quantitative characterization method for the spatial morphology of the overlying rock mining induced fracture field in shallow coal seam working faces was proposed, and the development characteristics of the spatial morphology of the overlying rock mining induced fracture field were analyzed. The results show that the mining induced fracture field in the overlying strata of shallow coal seam working face is a funnel-shaped shape centered on the mining area, spreading layer by layer upwards, and finally opening on the surface. The lateral boundary is the outer boundary of the limit equilibrium zone in the coal seam, the bedrock layer is the advanced tensile fracture boundary, and the loose layer is the "tensile shear" failure boundary.

(4) In response to the difficulty in determining the boundaries of underground irregular water bodies such as waterlogging and burning areas, as well as waterlogging and small kiln goaf areas commonly found in shallow coal seam mining areas, existing exploration methods have the problem of blind spots in exploration. Based on geophysical exploration and vertical drilling, it is proposed to use directional long boreholes to continuously explore the boundaries of underground irregular water bodies, forming a comprehensive exploration method for underground irregular water bodies based on geophysical exploration, vertical drilling, and directional drilling. This effectively improves the control accuracy of the boundaries of underground water bodies, and based on this, the boundary of the water resistant coal rock mass near the water body side of the shallow coal seam working face near the water body is determined.

(5) On the basis of accurately defining the development boundary of lateral mining fractures in the working face and the boundary of water accumulation on the water body side, combined with the stress characteristics of the water resistant coal rock mass in shallow buried coal seams near the water body, a mechanical analysis model of the water resistant coal rock mass was established; Firstly, the water-resistant coal rock mass was regarded as a rigid body, and local and overall anti slip and anti overturning instability calculations were carried out. Then, the water-resistant coal rock mass was regarded as a rock and soil mass, and strength calculations were conducted. Based on the premise of no slip, overturning, and strength failure, the critical width expression of the water-resistant coal rock mass was derived.

(6) Analyzed the water conducting mechanism of the fractured layer, burnt rock, and bedrock weathering zone in the water resistant coal rock mass; A mechanical model of water resistant coal rock mass considering geological defects was established, and the expression for the critical width under the conditions of faults, burnt rocks, and bedrock weathering zones in the water resistant coal rock mass was derived; Targeted water hazard prevention and control methods such as grouting curtain and directional drilling segmented forward grouting have been proposed.

(7) The research results have been applied in the water prevention and control of shallow buried coal seams near the water body in Zhangjiamao Coal Mine and Huoluowan Coal Mine. The lateral development boundary of the mining induced fracture field in the working face has been calculated, the integrity of the boundary coal pillar has been explored, the reasonable width of the water-resistant coal rock mass has been determined, and targeted lateral water hazard prevention and control technologies have been proposed. The theoretical analysis results have been verified through on-site measurement.

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