本研究的目的是通过对西安市大学新生进行心理健康状况及人格特征调查，了解这一大学生群体的心理健康状况及存在的主要心理问题，以及他们性格的基本特征，心理健康状况与性格的关系，旨在为我市高校大学新生心理辅导寻找有效的干预措施，促进大学新生心理健康，保障大学新生顺利完成学业，以健康的心理状态走向社会奠定良好的基础。 按照整体抽样原则，采用发放艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）及症状自评量表（SCL－90）对西安市5所高校的1826名大学一年级新生进行问卷调查，将调查数据输入SPSS l2.0软件进行数据统计分析。 通过调查，西安市大学新生在SCL-90的9个因子与全国成人常模相比各因子、总均分及阳性项目数上得分均显著高于全国成人常模（P＜0.01），主要心理问题排序依次为强迫症、人际关系、抑郁、敌对、偏执、焦虑、躯体化、恐怖、精神病性；不同高校间的大学新生在强迫症、焦虑及偏执因子上得分组间存在显著差异；男生在敌对、恐怖及偏执因子得分明显高于女生（P＜0.01），女生在焦虑因子得分高于男生（P＜0.05）；工科类大学新生在人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性的因子得分高于其他专业，具有显著差异性（P＜0.01）；独生子女大学新生在躯体化、恐怖、偏执因子得分高于非独生子女，组间比较差异显著（P＜0.05）；男女大学新生间个性维度比较，女生在N、E维度上得分高于男生，差异有显著性（P＜0.01），而男生在P、L维度上得分高于女生，差异有显著性（P＜0.01）；不同高校间的大学新生在N、E、L维度上得分组间存在显著差异（P＜0.01)；个性维度与心理健康的关系中，EPQ中N维度、P维度与SCL-90各因子均呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）,E维度、L维度与SCL-90各因子均呈显著负相关（P＜0.01～0.05）。其中N维度的关系系数最高；N、P、E三个维度对心理健康均产生影响，N维度影响最大，其次为E维度，再次为P维度。从调查问卷的结果来看，西安市大学新生整体心理健康状况不容乐观（与全国成人常模相比），存在的心理问题主要为强迫症、人际关系、抑郁；由于各高校、各专业生源层次不同，对学生心理健康状况的关注程度不同及学生的性格特征不同，导致心理问题差异；非独生子女心理健康状况优于独生子女。 大学新生的心理问题产生是众多方面的原因叠加相互作用而成的，既有外部原因中的社会环境原因、心理健康教育理念滞后、教育体系不健全缺少针对性因素，也有家庭气氛不和谐、家庭教育方式不当，以及家庭经济等因素；同时也有新生自身的原因：环境适应能力差、自我心理适应能力差、人际关系适应不良、学习方法不当、自律性差、身体健康状况不良等原因。既然心理问题产生于多种因素和侧面，那么作为更为重要的干预措施，也应是立体的，多角度和多手段的。不仅需要教育行政部门进行顶层设计，健全心理教育体系、完善心理教育评价体系、组织相关的研究宣传；学校也应该在心理教育理念、师资队伍建设、教育方法等方面进行创新。学生作为心理教育的受教育者和教育的主体，自身正确的定位、努力、有意识的自我完善也就更成为整个心理教育链里成败的关键。

The purpose of this study is to xian university freshmen through psychological health and personality traits investigation understand the condition of psychological health of college students' group and found out the main psychological problems, and their basic characteristics of the character, mental health and character of the relationship, for the purpose of college freshmen the psychological counselling to find effective intervention measures,promoting the university freshman mental health, security university freshman successful finish school, to healthy state of mind to move toward a society to lay a good foundation. According to the overall sampling principle, the issue YiSenKe personality questionnaire (EPQ) and symptoms since the rating scale (SCL-90) to five university xi’an city of 1826 first-year freshmen, questionnaire survey. Results: xi’an university freshmen SCL-90 nine factor and the national adult than the norm each factor, total alike and positive project number significantly higher scores on the national adult norms (P < 0.01), the main psychological problems in order for obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal relationship, depression, hostile, paranoid, anxiety, and physical change, terror,psychoticism; Different schools freshman in obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety and paranoid factor in significant differences between the groups; The boy in a hostile, terror and paranoid factor score was significantly higher than the girl (P < 0.01), the girl in the anxiety factor score higher than that of male students (P < 0.05);The technology type freshmen in interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, psychoticism factor score of higher than other professional, has the remarkable differences (P < 0.01); Only children freshmen in the body, the terrorist, paranoid factor score higher than the only-child children, between group is significant difference (P < 0.05). the men and women freshmen personality dimensions between comparison, girls in N, E dimension scores higher than that of male students(P < 0.01), the boys in the P, L dimension scores on higher than girls (P < 0.01); Different schools freshman in N, E, and L dimensions in significant differences between the groups (P < 0.01).personality dimensions and mental health, the relation between the EPQ N dimension, the P in dimension and SCL-90 all factors is a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01), E dimensions, L dimension and SCL-90 factors are in a significant negative correlation (P < 0.01 ~ 0.05). One of the highest relation coefficient N dimension; N, P, E three dimensions on mental health can have an influence, N dimension impact, followed by E dimensions, again for P.dimension. Conclusion: xi’ an university freshman whole mental health not optimistic (and the national adult than the norm), there exists the main psychological problems for obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal relationship, depression; Because of various universities, all the professional level of different, the students' psychological health condition of students of different degree of concern and characteristics of the character of different, leading to psychological problems of existing differences; The only-child children is better than the mental health status of only children. Schools, individual and family are all freshmen to psychological health condition of the influence factors. The psychological problems freshmen is many of the reasons of the interaction of superposition and become, both the external cause social environmental reasons, mental health education concept education system is not complete lag, the lack of specific factors, also have a family atmosphere is not harmonious, family education mode is undeserved, and family economic factors; There are also new their own reasons: environment, poor ability to adapt to self psychological adaptability is bad, the interpersonal relationship to adapt to bad, study method is undeserved, self-discipline is bad, the health reasons such as bad. Now that the psychological problems produced in a variety of factors and profile, then, as a more important intervention measures, should also be stereo, angles and the means of more. Need not only education administrative department for top design, improve psychological education system, perfecting the psychological education evaluation system, organize the related research propaganda; Schools should also in the psychological education concept, teachers team construction, education method innovation. As a psychological education of the students by educators and education main body, own correct orientation, effort, conscious self perfection will also be more psychological education chain become the key of success or failure.