思想政治教育的基本规律之一是服从服务于社会发展，而影响和制约社会发展的关键在于社会主要矛盾。因而，研究“如何使高校思想政治教育适应新时代社会主要矛盾”，就成为思想政治教育改革发展的重要议题。本论文正是基于这样的理论判断，以新时代社会主要矛盾转化为研究背景，对以大学生为教育对象的高校思想政治教育进行研究，目的在于深入探究高校思想政治教育如何在遵循思政教育基本规律的基础上，与时代步伐保持一致，满足党的人才培养需要以及国家发展需要，有效完成高等院校“培养什么人”、“怎样培养人”和“为谁培养人”的重要使命。

      本论文基于新时代社会主要矛盾转化的时代背景，以高校思想政治教育为研究对象，以马克思主义相关理论为指导，运用文献研究法、跨学科研究法、历史分析法、系统分析法等研究方法开展研究。

      论文共六章，分为三部分。第一部分由第一、二、三章构成，阐述理论基础与进行历史回顾，通过回顾中国共产党百年征程中以社会主要矛盾为背景的高校思想政治教育发展历程，为本论文奠定理论基础和提供历史经验。第二部分由第四、五章构成，对新时代社会主要矛盾转化后经济社会环境、社会思想观念以及大学生对思想政治教育的需要等方面发生的新变化进行学理分析，并依据这些变化剖析高校思想政治教育的不足之处，在此基础上阐明新时代高校思想政治教育面临的新任务。第三部分为第六章，从教育内容、教育渠道、方式方法、美好生活四个方面提出改进高校思想政治教育的对策。

      本论文在三个方面体现了创新，通过回溯历程，提炼出高校思想政治教育的五点历史经验；通过立足时代，发现揭示高校思想政治教育面对的社会思想领域五大问题；围绕社会主要矛盾，对高校思想政治教育引导大学生树立正确美好生活观念做出学理性阐释，并在系统研究的基础上，得出如下结论。

      第一，思想政治教育作为上层建筑，是以人为中心的社会实践活动，是培养与社会发展要求相符合的人的主渠道，必须反映并服务于一定社会的经济基础，服务于国家意志。因此，高校思想政治教育要以时代为观照，立足中国实际，解决中国问题。

       第二，中国共产党在百年征程中一贯高度重视思想政治教育，将其作为构建共识、凝聚人心的“主渠道”。适应经济社会发展要求是中国共产党百年来思想政治教育的关键性经验。实践证明，高校思想政治教育要根据社会主要矛盾的变化，紧紧围绕国家在特定历史时期的发展目标、主要任务和人的全面发展，适应经济社会发展需要，使育人目标契合党的人才培养需要和国家发展目标，使教育内容、方式方法围绕国家发展任务，为满足国家发展目标统一思想共识以及为完成国家发展任务凝心聚力。

       第三，进入新时代，社会主要矛盾转化，高校思想政治教育的时代场域和服务主题也发生了深刻变化，这就要求高校思想政治教育适应社会主要矛盾转化后社会场域的新特点，确保其思想性、理论性、针对性都能迅速调整到面向新问题，指向新目标，完成新任务。经济社会环境的变化、发展的“不平衡不充分”以及人民对美好生活的追求会引发大学生思想观念发生重要变化；社会对人才的新期待，大学生对思政教育的新需要，都成为高校思想政治教育改革的新导向，为高校思想政治教育提出了立德树人、培育和践行社会主义核心价值观、为大学生坚定“四个自信”、树立正确美好生活观念以及提升思想政治教育获得感的新任务。

       第四，高校思想政治教育在社会主要矛盾转化后要应势而动。在教育内容上，用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人，用“四史”教育培养大学生历史主动精神；在教育路径上，既要加强思政课“主渠道”建设、“讲深、讲透、讲活”思政课，又要发挥课程思政协同育人功能，同时还要用好社会资源、讲好“大思政课”；在教育方法上，开展隐性思想政治教育、融入思想政治情感教育、创新运用网络信息技术的教育方式。在契合时代需要上，开展美好生活教育，引导大学生树立正确的美好生活观，由此实现全方位、全员、全过程育人，有效完成新时代社会主要矛盾转化后高校思想政治教育立德树人的时代重任。

    One of the basic laws of Ideological and political education is to obey and serve social development, and the key to affecting and restricting social development lies in the main social contradictions.Therefore, the study of "how to adapt the ideological and political education in Colleges and universities to the main social contradictions in the new era" has become an important theme of the reform and development of Ideological and political education in the new era.Based on this theoretical judgment, this paper establishes the research background of the transformation of the main social contradictions in the new era to study the ideological and political education in Colleges and universities.The purpose is to make the ideological and political education in Colleges and universities follow the basic laws of Ideological and political education, keep pace with the times, meet the needs of the times, and better complete the important missions of "who to train", "how to train people" and "for whom to train people".

    This paper takes the transformation of the main social contradictions in the new era as the background of the research, takes the ideological and political education in Colleges and universities as the research object, takes the relevant Marxist theories as the guidance, and uses the research methods of literature research, interdisciplinary research, historical analysis, and system analysis to carry out the research.

    The thesis consists of six chapters and is divided into three parts.The first part is composed of the first, second and third chapters, which expounds the theoretical basis and historical review of the study. By reviewing the development of Ideological and political education in Colleges and universities against the background of the main social contradictions in the Centennial journey of the Communist Party of China, the historical experience is summarized to lay a theoretical foundation and provide historical experience for this study.The second part is composed of the fourth and fifth chapters, which analyzes the new changes in the economic and social environment faced by the ideological and political education in Colleges and universities after the transformation of the main social contradictions in the new era and the new needs of college students for ideological and Political Education, and according to the new changes in the social ideological field, the objectives of Ideological and political education in Colleges and universities, and the needs of college students, this paper analyzes its own shortcomings, and on this basis, expounds the new tasks faced by ideological and political education in Colleges and universities in the new era.

   On the basis of the research, this paper draws the following conclusions.

    First, as a superstructure, ideological and political education must reflect and serve the economic foundation of a certain society and reflect the will of the state.China's colleges and universities adhere to the socialist direction of running schools, which is reflected in the process of educating people to ensure the political and ideological guarantee for the party and the country to complete the development tasks.Colleges and universities shoulder the important task of cultivating high-level professionals for the socialist modernization construction. It is more critical and important to "train people for whom". Therefore, the ideological and political education in Colleges and universities should take the times as the guide, base on the reality of China, and guide college students to solve the problems in China.

    Second, the the Communist Party of China has always attached great importance to ideological and political education during the period of partial governance and after the establishment of new China, and has always regarded ideological and political education as the "main channel" and "main front" for rallying people's minds. According to the changes of the main social contradictions, the ideological and political education should closely focus on the party's development objectives, main tasks and the comprehensive development of people in a specific historical period, adapt to the needs of economic and social development, and constantly update the educational contents and methods.Therefore, "attaching importance to", "adapting" and "doing a good job with heart" are the key experiences of the CPC's ideological and political education work over the past century.

    Third, in the new era, the main social contradictions have changed, and the main tasks of the party in this historical period have also changed. This requires that the ideological and political education in Colleges and universities adapt to the new characteristics of the social field after the transformation of the main social contradictions, and ensure that the ideological, theoretical and targeted nature of the ideological and political education can be quickly adjusted to face new problems and point to new goals.The transformation of major social contradictions, changes in the economic and social environment, unbalanced and inadequate development, and the people's pursuit of a better life will all lead to important changes in college students' ideas.The new expectation of society for talents and the new demand of students for ideological and political education have become the new direction of Ideological and political education reform, and have put forward new tasks for ideological and political education in Colleges and universities.

    Fourth, the ideological and political education in Colleges and universities should respond to the situation after the transformation of the main social contradictions. In terms of educational content, we will strengthen education in Marxism and related theories,educate with Xi Jinping's Thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and trengthening college students' "four self-confidence" with "four history" Education; On the educational path, we should not only strengthen the construction of the "main channel" of Ideological and political courses, but also give full play to the role of the "one channel" of Ideological and political courses and coordinate the education of people; In terms of educational methods, explore hidden ideological and political education, carry out ideological and political emotional education, and innovate teaching methods based on the ability oriented concept; In meeting the needs of the times, carry out the education of better life in Colleges and Universities, guide college students to establish a correct concept of life, so as to realize all-round, all-round and whole process education. The purpose is to effectively complete the ideological and political education in Colleges and universities after the transformation of the main social contradictions in the new era, and to establish morality and cultivate people for the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.