液体燃料的能量利用主要以燃烧的方式实现，但液体燃料在燃烧过程产生的污染物也是造成环境污染的主要原因之一。液体燃料的燃烧可概括为喷雾燃烧和蒸发燃烧两种方式。目前，工业燃烧装置主要以喷雾燃烧的方式实现液体燃料的利用，然而在实际应用中，机械雾化常常会出现液体燃料与氧化剂混合不均匀的问题，进而导致燃烧不充分、燃烧效率降低，使污染物浓度升高。相比之下，蒸发燃烧可以使燃料与空气混合得更加均匀和充分、燃烧更完全，进而使污染物浓度降低。本文提出了一种具有新型结构的液体燃料管式蒸发燃烧器，研究了不同过量空气系数和燃油消耗量等操作参数以及不同的燃烧室结构对柴油蒸发燃烧特性的影响规律，主要工作内容如下：

搭建了液体燃料蒸发燃烧实验台，研究了不同操作参数对柴油燃烧特性的影响规律。研究发现在供油量恒定时，燃烧室内总体温度随着过量空气系数的增大呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势；在过量空气系数恒定时，燃烧室内整体温度随着供油量的增加也呈现先出升高后降低的变化趋势。温度是影响NOx排放浓度的主要因素，NOx排放浓度随着燃烧室内峰值温度的增大而升高；而CO的生成主要与燃烧反应强度有关，当燃烧强度较高时，CO排放浓度较低。

研究了在燃烧器内增设多孔泡沫陶瓷元件对柴油燃烧特性的影响，发现在燃烧器内设置泡沫陶瓷时燃烧反应强度增强，污染物中CO浓度显著降低，但NOx浓度有所升高；而随着多孔泡沫陶瓷中心孔直径的扩大，泡沫陶瓷对柴油燃烧的影响逐渐减弱。提出了在燃烧器内设置稳流盘的燃烧室结构，发现设置稳流盘后，适合燃烧器运行的最佳供油量发生变化；不同直径不同高度的稳流盘对柴油燃烧的影响程度不尽相同，整体上看，稳流盘直径的变化对柴油燃烧性能的影响更加明显。稳流盘直径越大，助燃空气与柴油蒸气混合得越充分，污染物浓度越低。

对燃烧器进行了数值仿真研究，分析了不同操作参数以及聚火罩、二次进风等结构对柴油燃烧时的温度和污染物分布的影响规律。关于操作参数的仿真结果表明，过量空气系数与供油量对燃烧器的影响与实验结果基本呈现一致的变化规律，但仿真结果中温度更高、污染物浓度更低。关于结构参数的仿真结果表明，聚火罩可增强燃烧强度，但会使污染物中NOx排放浓度有所升高；二次进风可使柴油燃烧更充分，使污染物中CO浓度明显降低。

The energy utilization of liquid fuels is mainly achieved through combustion, but the pollutants generated during the combustion process are also one of the main causes of environmental pollution. The combustion of liquid fuels can be summarized as spray combustion and vaporization combustion. Currently, industrial combustion devices mainly utilize liquid fuels through spray combustion. However, in practical applications, the problem of uneven mixing of liquid fuel and oxidant often occurs with mechanical atomization, leading to incomplete combustion, reduced combustion efficiency, and increased pollutant concentration. In contrast, vaporization combustion can achieve more uniform and complete mixing of fuel and air, leading to lower pollutant concentrations. This thesis proposes a liquid fuel tube-type vaporization combustion device with a novel structure, and studies the influence of different operating parameters such as excess air ratio and fuel consumption, as well as different combustion chamber structures, on the diesel vaporization combustion characteristics. The main contents of the work are as follows:

A liquid fuel evaporation and combustion experimental platform was set up to study the influence of different operating parameters on the combustion characteristics of diesel. The study found that when the fuel supply is constant, the overall temperature in the combustion chamber shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing as the excess air ratio gradually increases. When the excess air ratio is constant, the overall temperature in the combustion chamber also shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of fuel supply. Temperature is the main factor affecting the concentration of NOx emissions, and the NOx emission concentration increases with the increase of peak temperature in the combustion chamber; while the generation of CO is mainly related to the intensity of combustion reactions, and the CO emission concentration is lower when the combustion intensity is higher.

The study investigated the effect of adding porous ceramic elements in the burner on the combustion characteristics of diesel fuel. It was found that the combustion reaction intensity increased and the CO concentration in pollutants significantly decreased when porous ceramic elements were placed in the burner, but the NOx concentration increased slightly. As the diameter of the central hole in the porous ceramic foam increased, the influence of porous ceramic foam on diesel combustion gradually weakened. A combustion chamber structure with a stable flow plate set in the burner was proposed. It was found that the optimal fuel supply for the burner operation changed after the stable flow plate was set. The impact of stable flow plates with different diameters and heights on diesel combustion varies. Overall, the change in stable flow plate diameter has a more significant effect on diesel combustion performance. The larger the diameter of the stable flow plate, the more fully the combustion air mixes with diesel vapor, resulting in lower pollutant emission concentrations.

The simulation results regarding operating parameters indicate that a numerical simulation study was conducted on the combustion air excess ratio of the burner. It analyzed the impact of different operating parameters as well as structures like the flame concentrator and secondary air intake on the temperature and pollutant distribution during diesel combustion. The simulation results regarding operating parameters show that the influence of the excess air ratio and fuel supply on the burner exhibits a generally consistent trend with the experimental results, but the simulation results indicate higher temperatures and lower pollutant concentrations. The simulation results regarding structural parameters show that the flame concentrator can enhance combustion intensity, but it will increase the NOx emission concentration among pollutants; the secondary air intake can facilitate more complete diesel combustion, significantly reducing the CO concentration among pollutants.