小纪汗煤矿隶属陕北榆横高强度开采矿区，厚煤层高强度开采下，采场易发生顶板断裂等动载活动并衍发动力灾害。论文以小纪汗煤矿13218工作面动载作用下采动煤岩失稳机理及稳控技术为研究背景，采用岩石力学实验、物理相似模拟、数值模拟、现场验证等研究方法，揭示回采过程中采动煤岩变形破坏演化规律，确定动载作用下采场围岩合理支护参数并验证支护效果。论文形成以下研究成果：

明晰了采掘活动时动静载叠加作用对煤岩强度及破坏过程的影响程度，通过煤岩单轴抗压实验探究了不同动载幅值及施加次数下煤样变形破坏响应特征。结果表明：一级动载作用使煤样强度明显下降，可诱发煤样破坏且破碎体块度较大；两级动载作用后，煤样强度高于单次动载但低于单轴强度，煤样发生煤爆等剧烈破坏现象；三级动载后煤样强度增大，煤样弹性模量显著减小，塑性阶段及峰后阶段增长，破碎体块度较大，动态破坏时间持续增加。

厘清了煤层回采过程中覆岩运移演化规律，构建了多源信息融合精细化物理模拟实验平台。借助数字散斑及微震监测，揭示了动静载叠加作用下煤层回采过程中覆岩运移规律及微震能量响应特征。模型在静载作用下采空区上覆岩层运移量极小。动载作用后采空区上覆岩层位移云图反映出岩层破碎范围发展至亚关键层，动载加快岩层裂隙发育，诱发岩层发生大面积垮落，微震能量信号积聚于亚关键层；多次动载作用后，位移云图反映出覆岩破碎范围快速扩大并延伸到地表，模型整体裂隙发育明显，顶板发生了大面积垮落，岩层垮落高度快速增加，覆岩位移云图呈现多双峰结构，微震能量信号积聚在主关键层下方呈“马鞍型”显现。多次动载使模型整体发生松动破坏，覆岩处于不稳定状态，工作面持续性生产活动加剧了煤岩破坏失稳程度。

量化了工作面不同推进位置采动煤岩体应力、位移及塑性区演变机理并建立数值计算模型。模型开挖初期不会出现大面积塑性破坏区，围岩处于高应力状态，模型围岩整体稳定；动载施加后，工作面位置应力减小，缓解围岩高应力状态，塑性区进一步发育，三次动载作用后围岩应力-位移达到最大值，塑性区全域性快速发育，多次动载后围岩“应力-位移”改变量基本为零，塑性区及最大位移由采空区上覆岩层发展到地表附近，围岩受动载作用塑性区充分发育。

探明了巷道围岩破碎松动情况，对13218工作面原始支护方案分析并进行巷道支护优化设计，通过数值模拟及现场监测确定支护方案可行性，优化后的方案对于扰动发生区域也有良好的支护效果，可以将巷道围岩变形控制在一定范围内。

综上所述，针对小纪汗煤矿13218工作面回采巷道强采动煤岩稳控问题，提出了支护优化方案，对冲击危险区域进行围岩变形监测，监测结果表明支护优化方案对动载作用下现场回采巷道围岩稳定控制效果良好，有效保障了矿井安全高效生产。

Xiao ji han Coal Mine belongs to Yuheng high strength mining area in northern Shaanxi Province. Under the high strength mining of thick coal seam, the stope is prone to dynamic load activities such as roof fracture and dynamic disaster. Based on the research background of instability mechanism and stability control technology of dynamic coal rock under dynamic load of 13218 working face of Xiao ji han Coal Mine, this paper adopts research methods such as rock mechanics experiment, physical similarity simulation, numerical simulation and field verification to reveal the evolution law of deformation and failure of dynamic coal rock during the mining process, determine the reasonable supporting parameters of surrounding rock under dynamic load and verify the supporting effect. The paper forms the following research results:

The influence degree of dynamic and dynamic loading superimposed on the strength and failure process of coal and rock during mining activities is clarified. The deformation and failure response characteristics of coal samples under different dynamic loading amplitudes and application times are explored through uniaxial compressive tests of coal and rock. The results show that the strength of the coal sample decreases obviously under the first order dynamic loading, which can induce the coal sample failure and the crushing volume is large. After the two-stage dynamic loading, the strength of coal sample is higher than that of single dynamic loading but lower than that of uniaxial loading. After third-order dynamic loading, the strength of coal sample increases, the elastic modulus of coal sample decreases significantly, the plastic stage and post-peak stage increase, the crushing mass degree is large, and the dynamic failure time continues to increase.

A refined physical simulation platform for multi-source information fusion was constructed. With the help of digital speckle and microseismic monitoring, the overburden migration and evolution of coal mining under dynamic load and the characteristics of microseismic energy response are revealed. The migration of overlying strata in the goaf under static load is very small. The displacement cloud map of overlying strata above the goaf shows that the fracture range of the strata develops to the subcritical layer, the development of rock cracks is accelerated by the dynamic load, and the large area of rock collapse is induced, and the microseismic energy signal accumulates in the subcritical layer. After multiple dynamic loading, the displacement cloud map reflects that the crushing range of overlying rock rapidly expands and extends to the surface, the overall fracture development of the model is obvious, the roof caving occurs in a large area, the collapse height of the rock strata rapidly increases, the displacement cloud map of overlying rock presents a multi-bimodal structure, and the accumulation of microseismic energy signals below the main key layer shows a "saddle shape". Multiple dynamic loads make the whole model loose and fail, the overlying rock is in an unstable state, and the continuous production activities of the working face aggravate the failure and instability of the coal rock.

The evolution mechanism of stress, displacement and plastic zone of mining rock mass at different advancing positions of working face is quantified and numerical calculation models are established. At the initial stage of excavation, there is no large area of plastic failure, the surrounding rock is in a state of high stress, and the whole surrounding rock is stable. After the application of dynamic load, the stress at the working face position decreases, alleviates the high stress state of surrounding rock, and the plastic zone further develops. After three times of dynamic load, the stress-displacement of surrounding rock reaches the maximum value, and the plastic zone develops rapidly all over the country. After multiple dynamic loads, the "stress-displacement" change of surrounding rock is basically zero. The plastic zone of surrounding rock is fully developed under dynamic load.

The original support scheme of 13218 working face was analyzed and the tunnel support optimization design was carried out. The feasibility of the support scheme was determined through numerical simulation and field monitoring. The optimized scheme also had good support effect on the disturbance area and could control the deformation of the roadway surrounding rock within a certain range.

In summary, aiming at the stability control problem of mining roadway with strong mining in 13218 working face of Xiao ji han Coal Mine, a support optimization scheme is proposed to monitor the deformation of surrounding rock in the impact danger area. The monitoring results show that the support optimization scheme has a good effect on the stability control of surrounding rock of mining roadway under the action of dynamic load, and effectively guarantees the safe and efficient production of mine.

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