井筒是煤矿井工开采系统的“咽喉”，井筒的安全与稳定关系着整个矿井的正常生产和安全运转。曹家滩煤矿副斜井穿越强风化松散富水砂岩地层，水文地质条件复杂，长期涌水携砂造成壁后空洞，严重威胁着井筒的安全稳定。本文以曹家滩煤矿斜井穿越松散层注浆治理段工程项目为依托，采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场监测的方法，开展了煤矿壁后注浆井筒结构稳定性分析及防控技术研究，主要结论有：

（1）结合曹家滩煤矿工程地质和水文地质资料，对斜井穿越松散砂层段注浆治理段井筒结构稳定性的影响因素进行分析，其中壁后空洞、注浆压力不当是影响井筒结构稳定性的主控因素；

（2）以结构力学为基础，分别建立了不同壁后空洞位置、壁后注浆条件下井筒结构力学模型，得到了井筒结构内力解析函数，分析了井筒结构内力分布特征，确定了壁后空洞及壁后注浆对井筒结构稳定性影响的最不利位置；

（3）基于弹性地基梁理论，根据底板自重荷载作用和底板‘结构-围岩’相对位移条件，建立了井筒结构底板下伏空洞受力模型，分析了底板内力、变形分布特征，研究了脱空区底板破坏机理；

（4）采用FLAC^3D有限差分软件，分别建立了壁后空洞、壁后注浆不同工况下井筒结构数值模型，分析了不同空洞部位、多空洞组合以及壁后注浆条件下井筒结构内力，进一步研究了壁后空洞以及壁后注浆对井筒结构稳定性的影响规律；

（5）结合曹家滩煤矿井筒结构的变形破坏特征，从改善井筒结构的受力状况，提高围岩完整性和结构自承能力角度出发，提出了壁后充填、合理注浆压力控制和衬砌结构加固的联合加固控制技术，并对其防治效果进行了评价。

The shaft is the "throat" of the coal mine's shaft mining system, and the safety and stability of the shaft is related to the normal production and safe operation of the entire mine. The Caojiatan coal mine's secondary inclined shaft crosses a strongly weathered loose water-rich sandstone stratum with complex hydrogeological conditions, and long-term water gushing and sand carrying has caused a cavity behind the wall, seriously threatening the safety and stability of the shaft. In this paper, based on the Caojiatan coal mine inclined shaft over loose layer grouting treatment section project, using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field monitoring methods, carried out a coal mine behind the wall grouting shaft structural stability analysis and prevention and control technology research, the main conclusions are:

(1)Combining the engineering geological and hydrogeological data of Caojiatan coal mine, the factors affecting the structural stability of the wellbore in the sloping shaft over loose sand layer section grouting treatment section were analysed, among which the back wall cavity and improper grouting pressure are the main control factors affecting the structural stability of the wellbore.

(2)Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)Combined with the engineering and hydrogeological data of Caojiatan coal mine, the factors influencing the structural stability of the slant shaft over loose sand layer section slurry treatment section wellbore were analysed, in which the post-wall cavity and post-wall slurry injection were the main influencing factors of the structural stability of the wellbore;

(3)Based on structural mechanics, the structural mechanics models of the wellbore structure under the conditions of post-wall cavity and post-wall grouting were established respectively, the analytical functions of the internal forces of the wellbore structure were obtained, the characteristics of the distribution of the internal forces of the wellbore structure were analysed, and the most unfavourable locations of the impact of post-wall cavity and post-wall grouting on the stability of the wellbore structure were determined;

(4)The numerical models of the wellbore structure under different working conditions of post-wall cavity and post-wall grouting were established using FLAC3D finite difference software, and the internal forces of the wellbore structure under different cavity locations, multiple cavity combinations and post-wall grouting conditions were analysed to further study the influence of post-wall cavity and post-wall grouting on the stability of the wellbore structure;

(5) Combining the deformation and damage characteristics of the shaft structure of Caojiatan coal mine, the combined reinforcement control technology of behind-wall filling, reasonable grouting pressure control and lining structure reinforcement is proposed from the perspective of improving the stress condition of the shaft structure, enhancing the integrity of the surrounding rock and the self-supporting capacity of the structure, and its prevention and control effects are evaluated.

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