随着我国基础设施建设脚步的加快，黄土地区的工程建设中由于土质影响导致的工程地质问题愈发频繁。泾阳县地处黄土高原南部的黄土地区，大型工程建设频繁、密集，由于该处台塬厚度大，纵断面上孔隙比变化大，水盐迁移路径复杂，导致区域地质灾害频发。本研究以泾阳南塬Q₂黄土为研究对象，通过纵波波速测定试验、三轴剪切试验和理论分析，查明不同干密度、含水率、预制节理倾角条件下波速与抗剪强度及参数的变化规律，厘清各因素对波速和抗剪强度及参数的影响权重，建立抗剪强度参数与波速的定量关系，为黄土地区工程建设提供一定的参考意义。主要研究成果如下：

（1）纵波波速测定试验结果表明，含水率对波速影响最大，随着含水率的增大，波速逐渐降低；干密度次之，随着干密度的增大，波速逐渐增大；预制节理倾角影响呈非线性变化，随着节理倾角的增大，波速先减小后增大，预制节理倾角为45°时波速最小;

（2）三轴剪切试验结果表明，随着干密度的增大，土颗粒间接触面积增大，试样结构性强度提升，试样的抗剪强度及参数逐渐增大，干密度对抗剪强度和黏聚力的影响最大；随着含水率的增大，土颗粒间相互摩擦力减小，剪应力作用下容易发生滑动，试样的抗剪强度及参数逐渐减小，含水率对内摩擦角的影响最大；随着预制节理倾角的增大，试样的抗剪强度及参数先减小后增大。土颗粒更容易沿着节理面发生滑动，原本颗粒间稳定状态受到影响，节理倾角超过45°后，土颗粒结构在垂直方向上相对稳定，摩擦力和结构性强度提升，抗剪强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角逐渐增大;

（3）随着含水率增大，颗粒表面的水膜逐渐增厚，小孔隙内的气体被排出，水的占比提高，此时传播介质为固-液-气三种，同时胶结物质吸水溶胀，传播环境逐渐复杂，纵波能量损耗增大，波速下降。同时根据纵波在弹性介质中的传播速度公式得知，波速逐渐减小；干密度增大使颗粒排列愈发紧密，孔隙尺寸减小，颗粒间接触面积逐渐增大，提供更多的固-固传播通道，减少了能量损耗，波速逐渐增大；预制节理倾角增大，节理面与波的传播方向形成一定角度，此时节理面的闭合程度变差，试样内部结构相对松散，折射和反射现象更加明显，纵波能量损耗增大，波速减小。倾角为45°时试样的完整性最差，波速最小。倾角为90°时，纵波传播方向与节理面平行，此时节理面对纵波传播的影响最小，波速最大;

（4）利用纵波波速测定试验和三轴剪切试验结果，采用回归分析方法确定了波速与抗剪强度参数之间的关系式；以Brutsaert土壤声波传输理论模型为基础，引入干密度和含水率作为修正参数，建立纵波计算修正模型，带入数据验证发现模型效果良好。最后通过带入含水率、干密度与抗剪强度参数回归公式，得到以纵波计算修正模型为基础的波速-抗剪强度参数计算模型。

本研究成果为超声波探测技术在黄土地区的工程应用提供了一定的理论依据。通过系统性的试验验证和理论分析，对保障黄土地区工程建设的长期安全与可持续发展提供了借鉴意义。

With the accelerated pace of infrastructure construction in China, the engineering geological problems caused by the influence of soil quality in the engineering construction in loess area are becoming more and more obvious. Jingyang County is located in the loess region in the southern part of the Loess Plateau, where large-scale engineering construction is frequent and intensive, resulting in frequent regional geologic disasters due to the large thickness of the plateau plateau there, the large variation of pore ratios in the longitudinal section, and the complex path of water and salt migration. This study takes the Q₂ loess of Jingyang South Plateau as the research object, through the longitudinal wave speed determination test, triaxial shear test and theoretical analysis, identifies the changing rules of wave speed and shear strength and parameters under the conditions of different dry densities, moisture content, and prefabricated joints inclination, clarifies the influence weights of each factor on the wave speed and shear strength and parameters, establishes quantitative relationship between shear strength parameters and wave speed, and provides certain reference significance for the construction of loess areas. The main research results are as follows. The main research results are as follows:

(1) longitudinal wave wave speed measurement test results show that the water content has the greatest impact on wave speed, with the increase of water content, wave speed gradually decreased; dry density is second, with the increase of dry density, wave speed gradually increased; prefabricated joints inclination angle impact was nonlinear change, with the increase of joints inclination angle, wave speed first decreased and then increased, prefabricated joints inclination angle of 45 ° when the wave speed is the smallest.

(2) The results of triaxial shear test show that, with the increase of dry density, the contact area between soil particles increases, the structural strength of the specimen is improved, the shear strength and parameters of the specimen gradually increase, and the dry density has the greatest influence on the shear strength and cohesion; with the increase of water content, the mutual friction between soil particles decreases, and sliding is easy to occur under the action of shear stress, the shear strength and parameters of the specimen gradually decrease, and the effect of moisture content on internal friction angle is the greatest; and the effect of water content on internal friction angle is the greatest; and the effect of water content on internal friction angle is the greatest. The effect on the internal friction angle is the largest; with the increase of the inclination angle of prefabricated joints, the shear strength and parameters of the specimens first decrease and then increase. Soil particles are more likely to slide along the joint surface, and the original inter-particle stable state is affected. After the joint inclination angle exceeds 45°, the structure of soil particles is relatively stable in the vertical direction, the friction and structural strength are improved, and the shear strength, cohesion and internal friction angle gradually increase.

(3) With the increase of water content, the water film on the particle surface gradually thickens, the gas in the small pores is discharged, and the proportion of water is increased, at this time, the propagation medium is three kinds of solid-liquid-gas, and at the same time, the cemented material absorbs water and dissolves, and the propagation environment is gradually complicated, and the energy loss of longitudinal wave increases, and the wave speed decreases. At the same time, according to the longitudinal wave propagation velocity formula in elastic medium, the wave speed gradually decreases; dry density increases so that the particles are arranged more and more closely, the pore size decreases, the contact area between the particles gradually increases, providing more solid-solid propagation channel, reducing the energy loss, the wave speed gradually increases; prefabricated joints inclination increases, the joint surface and the direction of propagation of the wave to form a certain angle, the closure degree of the joint surface deteriorates, the internal structure of the specimen is relatively loose, and the wave velocity decreases. The internal structure of the sample is relatively loose, the refraction and reflection phenomenon is more obvious, the longitudinal wave energy loss increases, and the wave speed decreases. When the inclination angle is 45°, the integrity of the specimen is the worst, and the wave speed is the smallest. When the inclination angle is 90°, the longitudinal wave propagation direction is parallel to the nodal surface, at this time, the influence of the nodal surface on the longitudinal wave propagation is minimum, and the wave speed is maximum.

(4) Using the results of longitudinal wave velocity measurement test and triaxial shear test, the relationship between wave velocity and shear strength parameters was determined by regression analysis; based on Brutsaert soil acoustic wave transmission theory model, dry density and moisture content were introduced as correction parameters to establish the longitudinal wave calculation correction model, and the model was found to be effective by bringing in data for verification. Finally, a wave speed-shear strength parameter calculation model based on the longitudinal wave calculation correction model was obtained by bringing in the regression formula of water content, dry density and shear strength parameters.

This research result provides some theoretical basis for the engineering application of ultrasonic detection technology in loess areas. Through systematic experimental verification and theoretical analysis, it provides a reference for guaranteeing the long-term safety and sustainable development of engineering construction in loess areas.

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