摘 要 　　　本文以Friedel-Crafts（傅-克）反应为主要依据，将小分子的傅-克烷基化反应引入到PVC的共混改性中，以PS作为刚性有机粒子、SBR作为橡胶相分别与PVC进行反应性增容，成功的制备出了具有较好综合力学性能的PVC/PS、PVC/SBR以及PVC/PS/SBR合金材料。系统的研究了各种影响因素对接枝反应和共混物性能的影响，探讨了PVC、PS接枝反应的机理和特点，为PVC的工程化提供一种新的途径和必要的理论准备。 　　　本文首先在四氢呋喃、环己酮等溶液中实现了PVC与PS的傅-克接枝反应，考察了加热方式、反应温度、催化剂种类、催化剂用量对接枝反应的影响，探讨了反应的机理和特点。研究发现：油浴加热和微波辐照都能使PVC和PS发生接枝反应，但微波辐照效果更好，油浴加热，接枝率仅0.27%，而微波辐照接枝率高达23%；无水AlCl3、无水FeCl3、无水SnCl4皆对PVC、PS的傅-克反应具有催化活性，其中无水AlCl3的催化活性最好，其最佳用量为质量分数3%，当无水AlCl3过高时，PVC降解，产生双键。 　　　在双辊混炼机上实现了以无水AlCl3为催化剂傅-克烷基化反应就地增容PVC/PS、PVC/SBR及PVC/PS/SBR等合金材料的制备，考察了无水AlCl3用量以及苯乙烯单体的添加量等因素对共混体系力学性能、PS接枝率、相形态的影响。结果显示：在双辊混炼的过程中，以无水AlCl3为催化剂，可以实现PVC与PS、SBR的接枝反应，接枝产物PVC-g-PS和PVC-g-SBR在共混物界面处起到相容剂的作用，可以降低两相界面张力和分散相尺寸，稳定最终相态结构，从而提高共混物机械性能，PVC/PS、PVC/SBR共混时AlCl3的最佳用量分别为质量分数0.6%和1.5%；通过磨盘预碾磨25次可以降低PS的分散尺寸，通过加入质量分数为6%的St单体，可以对共混物起到塑化、增容作用，从而提高共混物的力学性能。对St含量为5%的PS 6%-SBR 9% PVC/PS/SBR三元共混物，AlCl3用量为1%时拉伸强度达到最大值53.28MPa，比纯PVC的49.35 MPa提高了7.96%，AlCl3用量为1.5%时缺口冲击强度达到最大值5.9 kJ/m2，比纯PVC的3.9 kJ/m2提高了51.3%。

ABSTRACT 　　　In this paper，we used the Friedel-Crafts reaction as a main principle , introduced the small molecules’ Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction into the PVC blends modified. Using PS as a rigid organic particles, SBR as rubber phase，distinguish reactive compatibilization with PVC, we successful preparation a composite of PVC/PS, PVC/SBRand PVC/PS/SBR which has a good comprehensive mechanical properties. We study the influence of various factors on the grafting reaction and Blends systematically, explored the mechanism and characteristics of PVC,PS grafting reaction, provide a new approach and the necessary theoretical preparation to PVC engineered. 　　　We firstly carried out the PVC,PS grafting reaction in solution in this paper in order to reduce the impact of instability factors. The effects of heating methods, reaction temperature, catalyst type, catalyst content on the grafting reaction were investigated, discussesed the reaction mechanism and characteristics. The study found that: both ordinary oil bath heating and microwave heating can make the PVC and PS occur grafting reaction, but the effect of microwave response was better, the grafting rate of the oil bath reaction only 0.27%, while the grafting rate of microwave reaction was up to 23% ; The grafting rate increased with the increasing of the reaction temperature, near the boiling point of tetrahydrofuran (65.4 °C) the grafting rate was 18%, near the boiling point of cyclohexanone (155.6 °C) the grafting rate increase to 26%; anhydrous AlCl3, anhydrous FeCl3, anhydrous SnCl4 are catalytically active of PVC and PS for Friedel-Crafts reaction, in which the catalytic activity of anhydrous AlCl3 is best, the optimum amount of the anhydrous AlCl3 content is 3%. when the amount continues to rise, the PVC began to degrade, to produce the double bond. 　　　We successful complete the preparation of PVC/PS，PVC/SBR and PVC/PS/SBR etc. alloy materials for Friedel-Crafts reaction in situ compatibilization by anhydrous AlCl3 as catalyst.The affect of the amount of anhydrous AlCl3 ,styrene monomer etc. factors on the mechanical properties of the blends, the PS grafting rate, phase morphology were investigated and a comprehensive study of in situ compatibilization PVC/PS, PVC/SBR blends by Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction was taken. The results showed that: we can achieve the grafting reaction of PVC and PS, SBR in the process of double-stick mixing used the anhydrous AlCl3 as a catalyst, the grafted product of PVC-g-PS and PVC-g- SBR has played the role of the compatibilizer can reduce the two-phase interfacial tension and dispersed phase size, the stability of the final phase structure in blends interface department, thereby improving the mechanical properties of blends of PVC/PS, PVC/SBR blends，the best dosage of AlCl3 was 0.6% and 1.5%; we can reduce the dispersion size of the PS by pre-milling of millstone, by joining the St monomer blends play plastics,compatibilizing effect, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the blends, the best milling cycle times was 25，the best amount of St was 6%.When the PS content is 6% , SBR content is 9% ,St content is 5% the PVC/PS/SBR ternary blends by AlCl3 amount of 1% the maximum tensile strength of 53.28MPa, increased 7.96% more than pure PVC 49.35 MPa, when the amount of AlCl3 is 1.5% , the notched impact strength reached the maximum of 5.9 kJ/m2, compare with the pure PVC 3.9 kJ/m2 increased by 51.3%.