OFDM技术起源于上世纪七十年代，经过数十年的研究和发展，得到了广泛的应用。其具备频谱效率高、抗干扰能力强以及收发机复杂度低等优点。但同时存在着带外泄露严重、对同步要求高等问题，在未来的新场景需求下，这些缺点使其难以满足需求。而 Filter Bank OFDM(FB-OFDM)技术具有很小的带外泄露、灵活的波形函数以及支持载波间的异步传输等优势，因此，本文对FB-OFDM技术进行研究具有重要的意义。 首先，对无线信道特性以及信道仿真模型进行研究，并在此基础上，通过MATLAB搭建FB-OFDM的链路仿真平台。 其次，对FB-OFDM基本原理及系统框架进行详细阐述，其中包括多相滤波器的实现过程，波形函数的设计以及帧结构方案的分析。本文着重于研究波形函数设计，设计的波形函数具有很好的时频域特性，能够有效地抑制带外泄露。接着研究分析FB-OFDM相对OFDM技术的优势，仿真结果表明，FB-OFDM对异步干扰不敏感，能够较好地实现异步传输，可以满足新场景下用户的需求，适合应用于未来的通信系统中。 最后，针对FB-OFDM中基于导频的信道估计算法进行研究，首先是研究分析几种经典信道估计算法和插值算法。然后针对FB-OFDM中采用的固定导频算法所带来的各种弊端，本文提出了一种在一定情况下能够自适应调整导频密度的算法，该算法在满足系统性能要求的条件下，能够自适应地选择出适合该场景下的导频密度，以此来达到减少导频开销的目的。从仿真曲线能够看出，在信道不断地发生改变时，这种算法可以根据环境的变化使得系统能够自适应地调整导频间隔，得到的导频密度符合当前的信道条件，从而有效地提升信道利用效率。

OFDM technology originated in the 1970s. After decades of research and development, it has been widely used. OFDM has advantages of high spectrum efficiency, strong anti-interference ability and low transceiver complexity. While it also has problems of serious out-of-band leakage and high demand for synchronization, these shortcomings make it difficult to meet the need for the new scene in the future. The Filter Bank OFDM (FB-OFDM) technology has advantages of small out-of-band leakage, flexible waveform function and support asynchronous transmission between carriers and so on. Therefore, the study of FB-OFDM technology is of great significance. The characteristics of wireless channel and the simulation model of the channel are studied in the first place. And on this basis, FB-OFDM link simulation platform is established on MATLAB. Secondly, the principle and system framework of FB-OFDM is elaborated, including the realization of polyphase filter, the design of wave function and the analysis of frame structure. The design of waveform function is emphasized in this paper. The waveform function designed has good time-frequency domain characteristics, suppressing out-of-band leakage effectively. The advantages of FB-OFDM is researched compared with OFDM. The simulation results show that the FB-OFDM is insensitive to the asynchronous interference, can better realize the asynchronous transmission. It will meet the needs of the users in the new situation and is suitable for future communication systems. Finally, pilot-based channel estimation algorithm in FB-OFDM is studied. Several classical channel estimation algorithm and interpolation algorithm are analyzed. Aiming at disadvantages of fixed pilot algorithm in FB-OFDM, an adaptive algorithm for adjusting pilot density under certain circumstances is proposed in this paper. The algorithm can adaptively select the pilot density under the condition of satisfying the performance requirements of the system, reducing the pilot overhead. The simulation curves show that when the channel changes continuously, the algorithm can adjust the pilot interval adaptively according to the change of the environment. The pilot density coincides with the current channel conditions, improving the channel utilization efficiency effectively.