科学技术的迅猛发展使得智能煤矿采用的人机交互系统出现了新的特征和属性，这些新的特征和属性改变了操作人员的行为模式及工作特征，如操作人员的行为模式由“操作”为主转变为“监视-决策-控制”，操作人员的工作特征也变为以脑力劳动为主。此外，操作人员在复杂人机交互作业情景下，由于心理负荷过载、情景意识缺失等原因，可能引起检测失误、判断失误等问题，增加了人因失误发生的可能。因此，探究智能煤矿人机交互作业人因失误的影响因素与致因机理，以此提出人因失误管控策略，对于减少新生产模式下带来的事故和危害、促进煤矿智能化建设顺利推进都具有重要意义。

本文首先通过文献梳理对人机交互作业人因失误的影响因素、致因机理、管控策略的国内外研究现状进行了总结。其次，基于文献分析和实地调研整理得到的原始资料，采用扎根理论质性研究范式并借助Nvivo软件，同时结合智能煤矿人机交互作业的工作特征，从个人、设备、任务和组织四个维度构建了人因失误影响因素指标体系。然后，以该指标体系为基础设计并发放问卷调查各因素间的影响关系，进而构建决策与实验分析（DEMATEL）-解释结构模型（ISM）-交叉相乘矩阵分析（MICMAC）模型，并从中心度和原因度、层次结构、驱动力和依赖力三个方面对人因失误影响因素进行了综合分析，包括划分各个影响因素的类型、确定各个影响因素的重要度、明晰人因失误发生的组态路径等。研究发现，操作人员的心理状态、人机系统的匹配度、操作人员的生理状态、任务的可用时间水平、组织的安全教育培训对智能煤矿人机交互作业人因失误的影响较大，并且组织层面的因素属于影响人因失误的深层因素，包括组织的安全管理、安全制度、安全培训等。在智能煤矿人机交互作业中，对这些因素进行持续、有效的改善，能够显著降低人因失误概率。最后，依据构建的DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC模型，结合本文对模型结果的分析和讨论，从个人-设备-任务-组织四个维度提出了减少人因失误发生的对策建议，并构建了智能煤矿人机交互作业人因失误规避体系，研究结果为降低人因失误概率、提高人机交互质量、促进煤矿智能化高质量建设提供理论和实践依据。

The rapid development of science and technology has led to the emergence of new features and attributes in the human-computer interaction system used in intelligent coal mines. These new features and attributes have changed the behavior mode and working characteristics of operators, such as the shift from “operation” to “monitoring, decision-making and control”, and the “mental labor” becomes the main working characteristic of operators. In addition, in the case of complex human-computer interaction, operators may experience issues such as detection and judgment errors due to psychological overload and lack of situational awareness, which increases the likelihood of human error occurrence. Therefore, exploring the influencing factors and causal mechanisms of human error in human-computer interaction operations of intelligent coal mines, and proposing human error control strategies, are of great significance for reducing accidents and hazards brought about by the new production mode and promoting the progress of intelligent construction of coal mines.

This paper first summarizes the current research status at home and abroad on the influencing factors, causal mechanisms, and control strategies of human error in human-computer interaction operations through literature review. Secondly, based on the original data obtained from literature analysis and field research, using the Grounded theory qualitative research paradigm and Nvivo software, combined with the working characteristics of human-computer interaction in intelligent coal mines, the index system of human error influencing factors is constructed from four dimensions of individuals, equipment, tasks and organizations. Then, based on the indicator system, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to investigate the relationships among various influencing factors. Furthermore, a decision and experimental analysis (DEMATEL) - interpretive structural model (ISM) - cross multiplication matrix analysis (MICMAC) model was constructed, and a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the influencing factors of human error from three aspects: centrality and causality, hierarchical structure, driving force and dependency, which includes dividing the types of various influencing factors, determining the importance of each influencing factor, and clarifying the configuration path of human error occurrence, etc. Research has found that the psychological state of operators, the matching degree of human-computer systems, the physiological state of operators, the available time level of tasks, and the organization’s safety education and training have a significant impact on human error in human-computer interaction operations in intelligent coal mines. Organizational factors are underlying factors that affect human error, including the organization’s safety management, safety systems, and safety training. Continuous and effective improvement of these factors in human-computer interaction operations in intelligent coal mines can significantly reduce the probability of human error. Finally, based on the constructed DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC model and the analysis and discussion of the model results in this paper, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to reduce the occurrence of human error from the four dimensions of individuals, equipment, tasks, and organizations, meanwhile, an intelligent human error avoidance system for human-computer interaction operations in coal mines is constructed. The research results provide theoretical and practical basis for reducing the probability of human error, improving the quality of human-computer interaction, and promoting the high-quality intelligent construction of coal mines.

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