含油污泥是原油开采及石油炼制等过程中产生的一种污染物，同时也是制约油田环境质量提高的一大问题。如何妥善、科学的处理这些含油污泥，已成为石油化工行业的一大难题。本论文通过将含油污泥降粘之后，加入到水煤浆中来制备油煤水浆，并探讨少量含油污泥的加入对水煤浆气化的影响。主要集中在以下几个方面进行了研究： （1）含油污泥的降粘实验，即利用一定浓度降粘剂与含油污泥混合搅拌的实验方案。结果表明：选用烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯硫酸盐（AES）和十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）为复配降粘剂时（降粘剂用量分别为0.5%、0.1%和0.3%），含油污泥的降粘效果较好。 （2）水煤浆和油煤水浆的制备实验，采用将经过降粘处理的含油污泥与一定浓度水煤浆混合搅拌的实验方案，研究含油污泥加入水煤浆后所制备油煤水浆的成浆性，并测试其粘度与温度的关系。结果表明：采用PFH添加剂和羧甲基纤维素钠分别作为分散剂和稳定剂时，水煤浆粘度较低、稳定性较好；向水煤浆中加入25%的降粘含油污泥时，所制备的油煤水浆的粘度为565 mPa•s，放置较长时间不分层，具有良好的稳定性；随着油煤水浆温度升高，其粘度逐渐降低。 （3）通过热重分析实验，研究了煤样、水煤浆和油煤水浆的燃烧特性，并推测少量含油污泥加入到水煤浆中制备的油煤水浆（少量含油污泥）气化的可能性。结果表明：制备的油煤水浆的着火点较水煤浆的着火点提前，挥发分析出燃烧更迅速，可燃性指数和燃烧特性指数都有所下降，总体来看，油煤水浆的燃烧特性与水煤浆基本相似；向水煤浆中加入3.22%的含油污泥时，通过对水分、灰分和油分三方面进行讨论分析，推测此时的油煤水浆（少量含油污泥）是可以气化的。 （4）本论文在目前已经成熟的水煤浆制备工艺流程的基础上，采用在水煤浆制备工艺中的气化炉前安装一个静态混合器，将含油污泥与水煤浆按照一定比例同时通入到静态混合器中，使含油污泥与水煤浆在静态混合器中达到充分混合后，再将其通入气化炉中，这样即使油煤水浆的制备简单易于操作，同时又节省了其设备投资费用。 含油污泥进行降粘处理后加入水煤浆中制备油煤水浆，含油污泥的加入不仅节省了煤焦油、柴油等，而且实现了含油污泥的减量化、无害化和资源化利用，更重要的是为含油污泥的处理提供了一种新的方法和思路。

Oil sludge is one kind of pollutant during oil field exploitation and oil refining. At the same time, it restricts the improvement of oil field environment quality. It has become a great problem for petroleum and petrochemical industry to dispose the oily sludge properly and scientifically. In this paper, the oil-coal-water was prepared by reducing viscosity of the oily sludge and adding it to the coal-water slurry, and the effect of the addition of small amount of oily sludge on the gasification of water-coal slurry was investigated. The main research contents focus on the following aspects: (1) The experiments on viscosity reduction of the oily slurry, i.e., the blend of oily sludge with viscosity reducer with a certain concentration. The results indicate that good viscosity reducing effect can be achieved when OP-10, AES and SDS are selected as the compound viscosity reducer (The amount of viscosity agent is 0.5%, 0.1% and 0.3%, respectively). (2) The preparation of water-coal slurry and oil-coal-water slurry. Oil-coal-water slurry is prepared by mixing viscosity reduced oily sludge with certain concentration coal-water slurry. Slurry property and the relationship of viscosity with temperature are studied afterwards. The results demonstrate that the low-viscosity and stable coal-water slurry can be obtained when PFH additives and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were used as dispersing agent and stabilizer, respectively; the oil-coal-water slurry shows a low viscosity of 565 mPa•s, good stability, no stratification after placed for a long time when the additive amount of viscosity reduction oily sludge is 25%, and it has high stability; the viscosity of oil-coal-water slurry decreases gradually with the increase of temperature. (3) The combustion characteristic of the coal, coal-water slurry and oil-coal-water slurry were studied using TGA tests, and the gasification possibility of oil-coal-water slurry prepared by adding a small amount of oily sludge in water-coal slurry was speculated. The results show that the kindling point of oil-coal-water slurry is lower than that of water-coal slurry, and separation and combustion of volatile is faster; the combustible index and combustion characteristic index declined slightly. In general, the combustion characteristic of oil-coal-water slurry and water-coal slurry basically are similar; when adding 3.22% of oily sludge through the analysis of moisture, ash content and oil content. (4) In this paper, based on the mature preparation process of water-coal slurry, a static mixer was installed before the section of gasifier, then, the oil-coal-water slurry and water-coal slurry were mixed at a certain proportion in the static mixer; after intensive mixing, the mixture was added into the gasifier. Even if the oil-coal-water slurry preparation technology is simple, easy operation, and also save the equipment investment cost. Oil-coal-water slurry was prepared by the addition of viscosity reduction processed oil slurry to water-coal slurry. The use of water-coal slurry not only saves coal tar and diesel, but also realizes the minimization, harmlessness, recycling utilization of oil slurry. Moreover, it provides a new way and idea to handle with oil slurry.