近年来煤炭行业的开采也有很大的发展，但随之而来的就是采煤过程中的安全问题。煤矿中顶板事故数量居高不下，然而顶板事故最主要的原因就是巷道支护不及时，巷道支护力度不够等。锚杆支护显著提高了巷道支护效果，降低了巷道支护成本，减轻了工人劳动强度。目前，锚杆支护技术已在国内外得到普遍应用，是煤矿实现高产高效必不可少的关键技术之一。 本文对光纤Bragg光栅传感技术以及脉冲预泵浦布里渊光时域分析技术(Pulse-PrePump Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis，PPP-BOTDA)原理做了介绍，分析了光纤Bragg光栅波长漂移量与温度和应变的关系，以及布里渊频移与温度和应变的关系。通过在实验室模拟现场锚杆安装和受力过程为目标，设计相似材料模拟试验，构建了光纤Bragg光栅传感系统及PPP-BOTDA分布式光纤传感系统，并将这两个监测系统同时运用到试验的监测中。通过多次试验给出了合理的锚杆光纤封装工艺及保护措施，并提出了合理的安装方法。将锚杆拉拔过程中FBG光纤光栅监测的数据及PPP-BOTDA分布式光纤监测的数据进行对比分析，确定了PPP-BOTDA分布式光纤监测锚杆拉拔过程的受力情况是可行的。 研究表明，PPP-BOTDA分布式光纤传感技术实现了锚杆拉拔试验的分布式监测，能够很好的监测到锚杆拉拔过程中杆体所受轴力的分布规律。通过对锚杆拉拔过程中PPP-BOTDA分布式光纤监测的数据进行分析，得到了锚杆杆体上所受剪应力，通过锚杆所受剪应力峰值的位置，得出判断锚杆锚固程度好坏的一种方式。

Coal mining has a great development in recent years, but it was coal mining safety problem in the process.High number of roof accident in coal mines, but the main reason is the roadway roof accident was not paid, roadway was not enough, and so on.Bolt supporting roadway is significantly improved results, reduces the cost of roadway and reduce labor intensity.At present, the bolting support technology has been widely used in our country and abroad, and it is one of the key technologies essential for achieving high yield and high efficiency. Based on Fiber Bragg grating sensor technology and the impulse pump introduces Brillouin optical time domain analysis of technical principles, analyses the wavelength shift of Fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain on the relationship, and the relationship of Brillouin frequency shift, temperature and strain. By lab to build similar material simulation test-bed design modeling experiment constructs a Fiber Bragg grating sensing system and a distributed optical fiber sensing system, and the two monitoring systems used in similar material simulation test of the monitoring. After numerous tests and gives reasonable bolt fiber packaging and protective measures, and gives a reasonable method of installation. Fiber Bragg grating monitor bolt drawing data and compare distributed optical fiber monitoring analysis to determine the drawing process of the distributed optical fiber monitoring anchor bar stress scenario is feasible. Studies have shown that distributed optical fiber sensing technology for bolt pullout test of distributed monitoring, it can be a good monitor to bolt pull rod stress distributions in the process.Through the bolt drawing in distributed optical fiber monitoring analysis of data obtained by shear forces on the bolt body, by shear stress peak value of anchor location, obtained judgment bolt of degree one way.