煤火作为煤矿的主要灾害之一，其治理不仅是对煤炭资源及生态环境的保护、而且对煤矿生产安全及矿工生命安全的保障有重要意义。治理煤火查明煤田自燃火区火源的核心位置，进而降低灭火成本和提高灭火效率，是实施针对性灭火措施的关键，但煤田火源隐蔽且发展状态复杂多变，煤火火源的高效精准定位的难度不言而喻。

本文基于磁化率实验测定系统分析了白家梁煤（BJL）、砂岩样品的磁性变化规律，并分别研究了温度、粒径以及磁场强度等因素对样品磁化率的影响，通过X衍射实验与傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）测试，对比高温烘烤前后样品磁性物质的变化，揭示煤岩磁性变化机理，并应用Matlab正演计算，分析煤田火灾磁异常的变化特征，并通过现场氡法探测及钻孔勘探技术的融合应用，完善了磁异常数据的处理分析，得以下结论：

自700℃降至常温过程中，岩石内部磁矩在地磁场中择优排列，导致磁化率增大；从居里温度降至常温的过程中，在地磁场的作用下积聚了大量热剩余磁化强度，其磁性比升温过程中获得的磁性更强、更稳定；煤岩高温烘烤过程中，弱磁性的菱铁矿（FeCO₃）与反磁性的赤铁矿（Fe₂O₃）被氧化成强磁性的磁铁矿（Fe₃O₄），同时逆磁性物质C不仅促进了铁磁性矿物的转化，而且随着低温氧化变成无磁性的含氧官能团COO-、C-O、C=O以及CO、CO₂。形成岩石磁异常的三方面共同作用：即岩石磁化率和剩余磁化强度的急剧增大，以及新磁铁矿的产生，导致了煤田火灾磁异常的形成，这为在地表采用磁法观测进而圈定火区范围提供了理论基础。通过Matlab煤田火灾磁异常正演模拟，发现埋深较浅的煤田火区其磁异常剖面狭窄且尖锐，埋深较深的磁性体其磁异常宽阔且平缓，即随煤田火区埋藏深度的增加，磁异常区域向四周不断扩展。当煤体温度越高、埋深越浅，反馈到磁测仪的磁异常强度越强。

基于火区煤岩磁性规律，采用GSM-19T型质子磁力仪，在内蒙古白家梁煤田火区实际探测，在治理区域圈定出六个磁异常区，在排除周围环境的磁性影响因素，通过氡法复测及现场钻孔踏勘的验证，最后圈定出三处异常，进一步完善了磁法探测圈定煤火火源核心位置的现场应用技术。

Coal fire is one of the main disasters in coal mines, and its management is of great significance not only to the protection of coal resources and the ecological environment, but also to the safety of coal mine production and the safety of miners. Controlling coal fires. Identifying the core location of the fire in the spontaneous combustion area of ​​coal fields, thereby reducing the cost of fire extinguishing and improving the efficiency of fire extinguishing, is the key to implementing targeted fire extinguishing measures. However, the source of coal fires is hidden and the development status is complex and changeable. The difficulty of efficient and precise positioning is self-evident.

Based on the magnetic susceptibility experimental measurement system, this paper analyzes the magnetic change law of Baijialiang coal (BJL) and sandstone samples, and studies the effects of temperature, particle size, and magnetic field strength on the magnetic susceptibility of the samples. The FTIR and X-ray diffraction tests are passed. , Comparing the changes of magnetic materials in samples before and after high-temperature baking, revealing the mechanism of coal and rock magnetic change, and applying Matlab forward calculation to analyze the change characteristics of coal field fire magnetic anomalies, and through the application of on-site radon method detection and drilling exploration technology fusion, The processing and analysis of magnetic anomaly data are improved, and the following conclusions are obtained:

During the process from 700℃ to room temperature, the internal magnetic moments of the rock are arranged optimally in the geomagnetic field, resulting in an increase in the magnetic susceptibility; during the process from the Curie temperature to room temperature, a large amount of thermal residual magnetization accumulates under the action of the geomagnetic field , Its magnetism is stronger and more stable than the magnetism obtained in the heating process; during the high temperature baking process of coal and rock, the weakly magnetic siderite (FeCO₃) and diamagnetic hematite (Fe₂O₃) are oxidized into strong magnetic magnetism. Iron ore (Fe₃O₄), and the diamagnetic substance C not only promotes the conversion of ferromagnetic minerals, but also becomes non-magnetic oxygen-containing functional groups COO-, CO, C=O and CO, CO₂ with low-temperature oxidation. Three aspects of the formation of rock magnetic anomaly work together: the rapid increase of rock magnetic susceptibility and residual magnetization, and the generation of new magnetite, which leads to the formation of coal field fire magnetic anomaly, which is delineated by the use of magnetic observation on the surface. The scope of the fire zone provides the theoretical basis.

Through Matlab coal field fire magnetic anomaly forward simulation, it is found that the magnetic anomaly profile of the shallower coal field fire area is narrow and sharp, and the deeper magnetic body has a wide and gentle magnetic anomaly, that is, with the increase of the coal field fire area burial depth , The magnetic anomaly area continues to expand around. When the coal body temperature is higher and the buried depth is shallower, the intensity of the magnetic anomaly fed back to the magnetic measuring instrument is stronger.

Based on the magnetic law of coal and rock in the fire area, the GSM-19T proton magnetometer was used to actually detect the fire area of ​​the Baijialiang coal field in Inner Mongolia. Six magnetic anomaly areas were delineated in the treatment area, and the magnetic influence factors of the surrounding environment were eliminated through radon. Method retesting and field drilling survey verification, finally delineated three anomalies, and further improved the field application technology of magnetic detection and delineation of the core location of the coal fire source.

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