橡胶沥青老化严重影响路面的服役水平及使用寿命。当前对于橡胶沥青老化的相关研究主要集中于宏观层面，现有研究尺度难以探明老化反应-组分运动-性能变化间的关系，因此无法深入研究橡胶沥青的老化特性及机理。为了解决上述难点、痛点问题，本文将从橡胶沥青的短期老化入手，以宏观性能测试与微观特性分析为基础，在分子层面研究橡胶沥青老化初期的宏观特性与微观机理。本文主要内容如下：

（1）结合短期老化试验（TFOT），研究了老化前后橡胶沥青的基本物理性能、宏观形貌、质量损失变化以及流变性能变化，结果表明老化后橡胶沥青的针入度、延度降低，软化点升高，宏观物理性能发生衰减，老化橡胶沥青表面光滑、附着“油膜”。橡胶沥青中的胶粉掺量不应过大，当胶粉掺量为20%时，老化前后橡胶沥青具有更好的宏观物理性能和流变性能。

（2）对比分析了短期老化前后橡胶沥青的官能团变化，阐明了其老化趋势变化，揭示了其荧光相以及微观形貌变化。短期老化后，橡胶沥青发生了明显的氧化反应，生成了大量的羰基（C=O）与亚砜基（S=O），主峰核磁信号值减小，次峰核磁信号量增大。随着短期老化的发生，沥青相的连结变得更加松散，出现了明显的凹坑，胶粉颗粒尺寸减小并且逐渐聚集。

（3）采用分子动力学模拟，定量分析了短期老化前后橡胶沥青的性能变化，通过表征短期老化前后橡胶沥青组分聚集行为和自愈合行为，揭示了其迁移接触行为。结果表明老化增大了沥青质分子、胶粉分子的聚集程度，同时降低了分子扩散速率。短期老化使胶粉与沥青的相容性变差，橡胶沥青的自由体积减少。老化官能团羰基（C=O）与亚砜基（S=O）使沥青质分子形成了“π-π堆积”、“偏移π-π堆积”以及“T型堆积”，影响了橡胶沥青的宏观物理性能，并且降低了橡胶沥青的自愈合效率。

The aging of rubber asphalt seriously affects the service level and life of pavements. Current research on rubber asphalt aging is mainly focused on the macroscopic level, and it is difficult to investigate the relationship between aging reaction-component movement-performance change at the existing research scale, so it is incapable of studying the aging characteristics and mechanism of rubber asphalt in depth. In order to solve these difficult and painful problems, this paper will start from the short-term aging of rubber asphalt, and study the macroscopic properties and microscopic mechanisms of rubber asphalt at the macroscopic, microscopic and molecular levels in the early stage of aging. The main contents of this paper are as follows:

(1) By conducting short-term aging tests (Thin Film Oven Test - TFOT), the basic properties, macroscopic morphology, mass loss variation, and rheological performance changes of rubber asphalt before and after aging were studied. The results indicate that after aging, the needle penetration and ductility of rubber asphalt decrease, the softening point increases, and the macroscopic physical properties decay. And a smooth surface with an adherent "oil film" is observed on aged rubber asphalt. The dosage of rubber powder in rubber asphalt should not be excessive. When the rubber powder dosage is 20%, rubber asphalt exhibits better macroscopic physical properties and rheological performance before and after aging.

(2) A comparative analysis of the functional group changes in rubber asphalt before and after short-term aging was conducted to elucidate the aging trend and reveal the fluorescence phase and microstructural changes. After short-term aging, rubber asphalt undergoes significant oxidation reactions, leading to the generation of a large number of carbonyl (C=O) and sulfoxide (S=O) groups. The main peak nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal decreases, while the secondary peak NMR signal increases. With the occurrence of short-term aging, the interconnectivity of the asphalt phase becomes looser, evident pits appear, and the rubber powder particle size decreases while gradually aggregating.

(3) Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to quantitatively analyze the performance changes of rubber asphalt before and after short-term aging. By characterizing the aggregation behavior and self-healing behavior of rubber asphalt components before and after short-term aging, the migration and contact behavior were revealed. The results indicate that aging increases the aggregation degree of asphaltene molecules and rubber powder particles, while reducing the molecular diffusion rate. Short-term aging deteriorates the compatibility between rubber powder and asphalt, resulting in a decrease in the free volume of rubber asphalt. The functional groups formed by aging, such as carbonyl (C=O) and sulfoxide (S=O), induce the formation of "T-shaped stacking" and "offset π-π stacking" in asphaltene molecules, reducing the self-healing efficiency of rubber asphalt.

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